NiO作为空穴传输材料的钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备及其性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 14:02

  本文选题：NiO + 钙钛矿　； 参考：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着能源危机的加重以及严重的环境污染,而太阳能本身因具有无穷无尽且非常清洁的特点,受到了人们极大的关注。太阳能电池是利用太阳能的一种非常重要的方式,而钙钛矿太阳能电池则是其中的焦点。它的性能发展得十分迅速,其光电转换效率已经从最初报道的3.8%已经提高到如今的22.1%。本论文将溶液法制备的NiO层应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池当中,从研究影响钙钛矿电池效率和质量提高的关键问题出发,深入全面地开展了对薄膜及相关电池性能的研究。本文主要的研究内容和结果如下:通过溶液-高温煅烧法制备获得了高透光率、高质量的NiO薄膜,并通过旋涂、蒸镀等工艺来制备了以FTO或者ITO导电玻璃作为阳极、Ni O作为空穴传输材料、CH_3NH_3PbI_3作为钙钛矿光吸收层、PCBM或者C_(60)作为电子传输材料以及金属Ag作为阴极的钙钛矿太阳能电池,然后,我们采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外分光光度计、阻抗测试仪、量子效率测试系统以及J-V曲线测试系统等手段对电池性能进行了全面的研究及分析。研究发现,ITO/NiO/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/PCBM/Ag的钙钛矿太阳能电池的各膜层之间的界面接触十分良好,十分有利于该平面异质结构电池性能的提高。其中NiO薄膜具有良好的透光性,使得钙钛矿可以充分吸收入射光,并且电池对光的有效吸收波长范围为300到800 nm之间,与文献中的报道相一致。同时,我们通过一系列电池研究发现,制备NiO薄膜的最合适的前驱体溶液浓度为0.05 mol/L、最佳烧结温度为500℃。此外,所获得的该类型的电池的最高效率为14.62%,并且其正反扫的J-V曲线基本重合,没有出现光电流回滞现象。将通过旋涂、蒸镀等工艺制备的FTO/NiO/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/PCBM/Ag钙钛矿太阳能电池与ITO玻璃基底制备的电池进行性能对比,我们发现前者电池整体性能要高于后者电池,尤其是填充因子差距较大,这要归因于高温煅烧后,FTO膜的方阻远小于ITO膜,从而相对的提高了电池的填充因子。同时,还可以发现,适当降低电子传输材料溶液的旋涂转速,可以较大幅度地提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的填充因子。此外,所制备的FTO玻璃基底的钙钛矿太阳能电池的最高转换效率为16.91%。通过将PCBM和C_(60)这两种电子传输材料制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池进行性能对比,可以发现,以PCBM作为电子传输材料的电池的整体性能要高于以C_(60)作为电子传输材料的电池,这应是沉积的C_(60)薄膜的质量不高造成的,此外,由于以PCBM作为电子传输材料的电池的阻抗高于以C_(60)作为电子传输材料的电池,使得其电池的短路电流低于以C_(60)作为电子传输材料的电池。通过对两种电池进行的稳定性测试,可以得到以C_(60)作为电子传输材料的电池的稳定性高于以PCBM作为电子传输材料的电池的结论。此外,以C_(60)作为电子传输材料的电池所获得的最高转换效率为15.67%。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of energy crisis and serious environmental pollution, solar energy itself has been paid great attention because of its endless and very clean characteristics. Solar cells are a very important way to utilize solar energy, and perovskite solar cells are the focus. Its performance has developed rapidly, and its optoelectronic conversion efficiency has increased from 3.8% initially reported to 22.1% today. In this paper, the nio layer prepared by solution method is applied to perovskite solar cells. Based on the study of the key problems affecting the efficiency and quality improvement of perovskite solar cells, the properties of thin films and related batteries are studied thoroughly. The main research contents and results are as follows: nio thin films with high transmittance and high quality were prepared by solution-high temperature calcinations and spin-coated. Using FTO or ITO conductive glass as anode and nio as hole transport material CH3NH3PbIK _ 3 as perovskite photoabsorption layer PCBM or CST60) as electron transport material and metal Ag as cathode, a perovskite solar cell was prepared. We have studied and analyzed the performance of the battery by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), SEMU X ray diffractometer, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, impedance tester, quantum efficiency test system and J-V curve test system. It is found that the interface contact between the films of ITO / Nio / S / Ch _ 3NH _ 3NH _ 3PbI _ (3) / PCBM / Ag / PCBM _ (r / Ag) perovskite solar cells is very good, which is beneficial to the improvement of the performance of the planar heterostructure solar cells. The nio film has good transmittance, which makes the perovskite absorb the incident light fully, and the effective absorption wavelength of the battery is between 300 nm and 800 nm, which is consistent with the reports in the literature. At the same time, through a series of battery studies, we found that the most suitable concentration of precursor solution for nio thin films was 0.05 mol / L, and the optimum sintering temperature was 500 鈩，

本文编号：2044507