光伏组件干式除尘刷设计及除尘机理研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 20:15

本文选题：光伏组件 + 干式除尘刷　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着能源供求矛盾日益突出,环境污染问题日益恶化,全世界范围内都尝试寻找“绿色”可再生能源,天然的太阳能资源以储量巨大、绿色无污染、安全可靠等诸多优势成为人类关注的焦点。我国光伏装机容量增长最快,截止2017年2月,我国光伏累积装机量高达77GW,是2012年装机量的11.9倍。光伏组件表面落灰影响光-电转化效率,严重时还会导致“热岛效应”损坏光伏板,缩短其使用寿命。目前普遍使用的光伏板清洁方式是人工擦洗和清洗车冲洗,工作过程中都需要大量的水资源,成本高、冬季易结冰。论文以武威市某大型分布式光伏电站为研究对象,根据太阳能光伏板面除尘的特殊要求,提出了一种集双滚刷清扫起尘、掸土机构配合外罩输尘及引风机彻底吸尘于一体的光伏组件干式除尘刷,可实现在无水、无清洁剂的条件下,快速、高效地完成光伏板面的清洁工作,且刷毛实时自清洁,无二次污染。首先,对灰尘颗粒的特征、粘附特性及粘附力进行分析,介绍了灰尘颗粒的普遍的清理方式,并对气路系统的工作对象进行介绍。然后,针对光伏板表面灰尘清理的特殊要求,并参考现有的除尘刷结构,对理想的光伏组件干式除尘刷本身应该具有的技术特征进行了分析,确定总体方案,指导干式除尘刷各部分的结构设计。对干式除尘刷起尘机构、输尘机构及吸尘机构分别进行了设计选型;介绍了该干式除尘刷的工作原理;借助Creo三维软件,完成了干式除尘设备的三维模型建立,并对干式除尘刷的驱动方式进行了选型。对干式除尘刷的除尘机理进行系统的研究,先分析了干式除尘刷起尘装置的工作特点及结构参数设定,分析了各个结构参数对起尘效果的影响;运用Fluent软件对刷体内部流场进行仿真计算及可视化分析研究,先按初步设计的除尘刷参数进行仿真分析,得到速度矢量及压力的分布规律,然后运用控制变量法,就输尘机构及吸尘机构的主要结构参数对其工作性能的影响进行可视化分析;最后对比初步设计的刷体流场仿真结果,得出最佳起尘效果及吸尘效果时的刷体结构参数,为刷体的最终定型提供了依据。最后,根据仿真计算及优化结果,制作出干式除尘刷实验样机,进行大量的除尘实验,对除尘效果进行观察分析,对工作参数进行优化研究,结果表明该样机运行平稳,在无水、无清洁剂的条件下除尘效率很高,为大规模光伏电站的清洁维护提供理论依据,具有工程实践意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasingly prominent contradiction between supply and demand of energy and the worsening of environmental pollution, all over the world are trying to find "green" renewable energy, natural solar energy resources with huge reserves, green pollution-free, Many advantages, such as safety and reliability, have become the focus of human attention. The installed capacity of photovoltaic is the fastest in China. As of February 2017, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic in China is as high as 77GW, which is 11.9 times of the installed capacity in 2012. The surface ash drop of photovoltaic module affects the efficiency of photo-electric conversion, and can cause "heat island effect" to damage photovoltaic panels and shorten their service life. At present, the commonly used photovoltaic cleaning methods are manual scrubbing and cleaning car washing. In the working process, a large amount of water resources are needed, the cost is high, and ice is easy to be formed in winter. This paper takes a large distributed photovoltaic power station in Wuwei as the research object. According to the special requirements of solar photovoltaic panel dust removal, a kind of double roller brush cleaning and dusting is proposed. The dry dust brush of photovoltaic module, which is combined with the dust conveyer of the outer cover and the suction fan, can be used to clean the photovoltaic panel quickly and efficiently under the condition of no water and cleaning agent, and the brushing can be self-cleaning in real time. No secondary pollution. Firstly, the characteristics, adhesion characteristics and adhesion force of dust particles are analyzed, the general cleaning methods of dust particles are introduced, and the working objects of gas path system are introduced. Then, according to the special requirements of dust cleaning on the surface of photovoltaic panels, and referring to the existing dust removal brush structure, the paper analyzes the technical characteristics of the ideal photovoltaic module dry dust removal brush itself, and determines the overall scheme. Guide the structure design of each part of dry dust removal brush. The design and selection of dry dusting brush dusting mechanism, dust conveying mechanism and dust cleaning mechanism are carried out respectively, the working principle of the dry dusting brush is introduced, and the 3D model of dry dust collecting equipment is built with the help of Creo 3D software. The driving mode of dry dust removal brush is selected. The dust removal mechanism of dry dust brush is studied systematically. Firstly, the working characteristics and structure parameter setting of dry dust collection brush are analyzed, and the influence of each structure parameter on dusting effect is analyzed. The flow field in the brush body is simulated and analyzed by fluent software. The velocity vector and pressure distribution are obtained according to the preliminary design parameters of the dust removal brush, and then the control variable method is used. The influence of the main structure parameters of dust conveying mechanism and dust cleaning mechanism on its working performance is analyzed visually. Finally, the structure parameters of the brush body are obtained by comparing the simulation results of the primary design of the brush body flow field with the optimum dust raising effect and the dust cleaning effect. It provides the basis for the final styling of brush body. Finally, according to the simulation calculation and optimization results, the dry dust brush experimental prototype is made, a large number of dust removal experiments are carried out, the dust removal effect is observed and analyzed, and the working parameters are optimized. The results show that the prototype runs smoothly. The dedusting efficiency is very high under the condition of no water and no cleaning agent, which provides the theoretical basis for the cleaning and maintenance of large-scale photovoltaic power station, and has engineering practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM615

【参考文献】