高压输电系统分布式广域后备保护系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 05:30

本文选题：分布式IED + 广域后备保护　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,伴随着电网的发展,电网智能化水平在不断提高,新型发电能源如风能、太阳能等清洁能源发电量占比明显提升,同时分布式单元的大量接入,都使得未来电网的发展将形成骨干电网与地方电网及微电网相结合的第三代智能电网,电网拓扑结构将从整体上更加松散,新生连结点的平均路径将变大,传统的继电保护系统难以满足新型电网的保护需要,继电保护系统的更新换代势在必行。广域保护技术的提出和发展提供了新的契机。通过建立广域通信平台,获知系统内的多点信息,实现对故障进行快速的定位和隔离,特别适合应用于对决策响应时限要求不太高的后备保护系统。但是广域后备保护系统的大量相关研究中,并没有跳出针对系统元件设立保护装置的视角,未能从根本上解决保护配合复杂、保护装置难以标准化的问题。分布式系统作为广域保护研究的重要组成部分,在很多研究方向上存在尚未形成统一的讨论范式。综上,本文从分布式的角度,提出了用广域手段设计保护配置方案的解决思路,建立以断路器IED为保护系统基本结构和功能单元的分布式系统架构,定义了其基本工作方式和故障保护策略。该系统中,保护配置的对象从原来的系统元件转变为系统中出现的故障,保护装置的配合对象也从原来的元件保护装置转变为一定范围内的IED智能装置。借此,断路器IED能够知晓确切的故障位置,从而简化了保护的配合方式,提高了保护动作的快速性和选择性,也重新定义了系统的后备保护功能,真正实现了分布式测量、决策和执行的分布式后备保护功能。提出了以IED为基础的保护范围划分原则。明确系统中IED的配合原则,实现以IED为配合对象的新型近后备、远后备保护功能,不同系统位置的断路器IED,能够在各种故障情形中明确自身的近后备、远后备保护配合对象。针对不同保护范围的重叠情形,该原则进行了相应的制定和说明,且充分考虑到了某IED拒动后的保护处理原则。在不同系统运行方式下,以及系统元件之间的不同连接状态,分析了划分原则的适应性,得到了可靠性高、选择性强的结论。该划分过程简单,较传统的划分方法有一定的优越性体现。提出了以三种保护结构为基础的保护配置方案。首先,提出了以故障方向纵联比较为基础的广域保护原理。该原理通过规定不同结构中的IED正方向,对方向判断结果进行赋值,实现IED之间通过信息交换达到故障定位的目的。判断信息构成简单,获取方便,对通信系统的压力较小,能够保证对故障的准确定位。以此为基础,结合保护范围划分原则,对系统中的IED类型进行分类,提出了"线路—母线"、"线路—变压器"和"母线—变压器"三种保护结构,并对三种保护结构中的故障处理过程进行了分析和说明。该方法简化了保护单元的配合方式,克服了以整定值为后备保护基础的固有缺陷,实现了保护装置的标准化,为系统元件提供了更加综合化的后备保护功能。最后,通过系统模拟算例的分析,印证了该实现方案的有效性和准确性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the power grid, the intelligent level of the power grid is increasing continuously. The new generation of power generation energy, such as wind energy, solar energy and so on, has been greatly improved. At the same time, the large number of access of the distributed unit makes the development of the future power grid will form the third generation of smart electricity, which combines the backbone power grid with the local power grid and the micro grid. The network topology will be more loose from the whole, the average path of the new connecting points will become larger. The traditional relay protection system is difficult to meet the protection needs of the new type of power grid. The renewal and replacement of the relay protection system is imperative. The development and development of the wide area protection technology provide a new opportunity. The multi-point information in the system can locate and isolate the fault quickly, and it is especially suitable for the backup protection system which is not very high in the time limit of decision response. However, in the extensive related research of the wide area backup protection system, it does not jump out of the view of setting up the protection device for the system components, and can not solve the protection match fundamentally. As an important part of wide area protection research, distributed system is an important part of wide area protection research. In many research directions, there is not a unified discussion paradigm in many research directions. In this paper, from a distributed perspective, this paper puts forward a solution for the design of protection configuration with wide area means, which is based on a circuit breaker IED. The basic structure and the distributed system architecture of the basic structure and function unit of the protection system, the basic work mode and the fault protection strategy are defined. In this system, the object of the protection configuration is changed from the original system component to the fault in the system, and the matching object of the protection device is also changed from the original component protection to a certain range of IED intelligence. In this way, the circuit breaker IED can know the exact location of the fault, thus simplifies the mode of protection, improves the speed and selectivity of the protection action, redefines the backup protection function of the system, and realizes the distributed backup protection function of distributed measurement, decision and execution. The IED based protection is put forward. The principle of protection range division. To clarify the coordination principle of IED in the system, to realize the new near back-up, remote backup protection function with IED as the matching object, the circuit breaker IED of different system position, can clear its own near backup, remote backup protection coordination object in all kinds of fault situations. The principle is carried out on the overlapping of different protection range. According to the corresponding formulation and explanation, the principle of protection and treatment of a certain IED is fully taken into account. Under different operating modes of the system and the different connection states between the components of the system, the adaptability of the partition principle is analyzed, and the conclusion of high reliability and selectivity is obtained. The division process is simple and better than the traditional method of division. The protection configuration scheme based on three protective structures is proposed. First, a wide area protection principle based on the longitudinal comparison of the fault direction is proposed. This principle assigns the direction judgment result through the regulation of the positive direction of IED in different structures, and realizes the purpose of achieving the fault location between IED through information exchange. The broken information is simple, easy to obtain, less pressure on the communication system, and can guarantee the accurate location of the fault. Based on this, the IED types in the system are classified according to the principle of protection range division, and three protective structures of "line bus", "line transformer" and "bus transformer" are put forward, and three kinds of protection junctions are also given. The process of fault treatment in the structure is analyzed and explained. This method simplifies the coordination mode of the protection unit, overcomes the inherent defects of the setting value as the backup protection foundation, realizes the standardization of the protection device, and provides a more comprehensive backup protection work for the system components. Finally, the analysis of the system simulation example is confirmed. The effectiveness and accuracy of the implementation of this scheme.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM77

【参考文献】