溶剂工程法制备平面异质结钙钛矿太阳能电池及其工艺优化

发布时间：2018-06-26 10:48

本文选题：钙钛矿太阳能电池 + 溶剂工程　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PSCs)因其工艺简单、成本低、效率高等优点,短短几年时间就迅速成为人们研究的热点。在PSCs中,钙钛矿光吸收层的质量对电池的转换效率有决定性的影响。采用传统方法制备的钙钛矿膜的成膜质量差,电池性能低。本文较为系统地研究了平面异质结钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿光吸收层的制备方法和工艺,通过溶剂工程改善钙钛矿的成膜质量,对工艺条件进行了优化,使电池性能在原有基础上得到了明显提高。论文的主要内容如下:1、基于溶剂工程的旋涂-浸渍法制备钙钛矿膜的工艺优化采用溶剂工程,通过使用DMF-DMSO混合溶剂制备了钙钛矿前驱体Pb I2(DMSO)薄膜,有效提高了前驱体的转化,电池性能得到了明显提升,平均效率ηavg从1.43%提高到4.39%。通过优化前驱体溶液的浓度,使电池性能得到了进一步提升,电池的ηavg提高到5.54%,最高效率η_(max)为9.50%。虽然溶剂工程能有效提高前驱体的转化,但采用旋涂-浸渍法制备的钙钛矿膜呈现多孔状,限制了平面异质结PSCs性能的进一步提高。2、基于溶剂工程的两步旋涂法制备钙钛矿膜的工艺优化针对上述问题,本文采用更适合平面型器件的两步旋涂法制备钙钛矿膜。在采用DMF-DMSO混合溶剂提高前驱体转化的基础上,通过对旋涂转速和前驱体浓度等工艺条件进行优化,获得了平整致密、颗粒尺寸大的钙钛矿膜,使电池性能得到了明显提高,优化后器件的ηavg达到了10.80%,η_(max)达到了12.75%。3、基于溶剂工程的一步溶液法制备钙钛矿膜的工艺优化相比于两步法,一步溶液法步骤简单、前驱体转化率高,适合制备混合型钙钛矿膜,是今后发展的主要方向。但是传统的一步法制备的钙钛矿膜成膜质量差,本文采用溶剂工程,使用反溶剂来辅助钙钛矿成膜,并采用绿色环保的2-丁醇作为新型反溶剂,研究了前驱体的浓度和比例对钙钛矿成膜质量的影响规律,优化后器件的ηavg达到了9.81%,η_(max)达到了11.3%。4、基于溶剂工程的两步旋涂法制备柔性PSCs柔性太阳能电池由于成本低、重量轻、可弯曲等优点,相比与传统的刚性太阳能电池有更广泛的应用,而本文采用的PSCs制备技术非常适合在柔性衬底上制备太阳能电池。本文将经过优化的两步旋涂法的工艺应用于ITO/PET柔性衬底,制备出了转换效率为6.10%的柔性PSCs器件。
[Abstract]:Perovskite solar cell (perovskite solar) has become a hot topic in a few years because of its simple process, low cost and high efficiency. In PSCs, the quality of perovskite photoabsorption layer has a decisive effect on the conversion efficiency. The perovskite film prepared by traditional method has poor quality and low battery performance. In this paper, the preparation method and process of perovskite photoabsorption layer in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells are studied systematically. The film forming quality of perovskite is improved by solvent engineering, and the process conditions are optimized. The performance of the battery has been improved obviously on the basis of the original. The main contents of the thesis are as follows: 1. The process of perovskite film preparation based on solvent engineering is optimized by solvent engineering. The PbI2 (DMSO) film of perovskite precursor is prepared by DMF-DMSO mixed solvent, which can effectively improve the conversion of the precursor. The average efficiency 畏 avg increased from 1.43% to 4.39%. By optimizing the concentration of the precursor solution, the performance of the battery was further improved, the 畏 avg of the battery was increased to 5.54 and the maximum efficiency 畏 _ (max) was 9.50. Although solvent engineering can effectively improve the precursor transformation, the perovskite film prepared by spin coating and impregnation method is porous. The performance of planar heterojunction PSCs is limited to further improve .2. the process of preparing perovskite film by two-step spin-coating method based on solvent engineering is optimized. In order to solve the above problems, a two-step spin coating method, which is more suitable for planar devices, is used to prepare perovskite film. On the basis of using DMF-DMSO mixed solvent to improve the precursor conversion, by optimizing the spinning speed and concentration of the precursor, a flat and dense perovskite film with large particle size was obtained, which improved the performance of the battery obviously. The 畏 avg of the optimized device reaches 10.80 and 畏 _ (max) reaches 12.750.The one-step solution method based on solvent engineering is better than two-step solution method in preparing perovskite membrane. The one-step solution method is simple, the precursor conversion is high, and it is suitable for the preparation of mixed perovskite film. Is the main direction of future development. However, the quality of perovskite film prepared by traditional one-step method is poor. In this paper, solvent engineering, antisolvent is used to assist perovskite film formation, and green 2-butanol is used as a new antisolvent. The effect of concentration and ratio of precursor on the quality of perovskite film was studied. The optimized 畏 avg and 畏 (max) reached 9.81 and 11.33.0.The flexible solar cells were prepared by two-step spin coating method based on solvent engineering, because of their low cost and light weight. Compared with the traditional rigid solar cells, flexible solar cells are more widely used than the traditional rigid solar cells, and the PSCs preparation technology is very suitable for the preparation of solar cells on flexible substrates. In this paper, the optimized two-step spin-coating process is applied to the ITO / PET flexible substrate, and a flexible PSCs device with a conversion efficiency of 6.10% is fabricated.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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