新型有机光电材料的设计合成及其应用

发布时间：2018-06-30 17:56

本文选题：染料敏化太阳能电池 + 三苯胺　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：有机太阳能电池具有来源广、成本低、载流子迁移率高等优点,在太阳能电池领域受到了广泛的关注。近年来,该领域的科研工作者们都致力于提高有机太阳能电池的光电转化效率。经过多年的发展,有机小分子/聚合物太阳能电池的实验室最高效率已经超过了11%,n-型染料敏化太阳能电池的效率也已经超过了13%。但相比于无机太阳能电池,效率还不算高,仍然有着很大的发展空间。有机材料在太阳能电池中起着重要的作用,合适的材料可以有效地提高光捕获能力和电荷分离效率以及减少电荷复合等,进而提高电池效率。因此,通过设计合成合理的有机材料来提高有机太阳能电池的效率是非常必要的。本论文中,我们设计合成了一些有机太阳能电池材料,并对它们的光伏性能进行了研究。主要内容包括以下三个方面:1、设计合成了三个基于三苯胺的D-π-A型有机染料分子(Q1、Q2和Q3)并将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,研究了染料分子的结构对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响。结果表明:己氧基和己基噻吩基团的引入可以有效地阻止电荷复合,有利于电荷转移。另外,我们发现TiO2经TiCl4处理后对应的DSSCs的效率并不一定有所提高,这与染料分子的结构也有一定的关系。Q1分子中的三苯胺基团上只有一个己基噻吩基团,Q2分子则引入了一个己基噻吩基团和一个己氧基基团。经TiCl4处理后,基于Q1和Q2染料分子的太阳能电池效率均有所提升。然而引入两个己基噻吩基团的Q3分子的电池效率并无明显提升。2、设计合成了一种新型近红外方酸菁染料分子(TPE-SQ),并将其应用于三元有机太阳能电池中。研究结果发现:TPE-SQ分子表现出良好的溶解性和吸光能力,在近红外光区(600~750 nm)有一个尖锐且强烈的吸收带,并且在薄膜上的吸收也很宽,吸收范围为550~900 nm。我们将TPE-SQ掺杂入P3HT:PC_(71)BM二元体系中制得三元有机太阳能电池,发现TPE-SQ分子增强了近红外光区的吸收,与P3HT:PC_(71)BM二元体系形成很好的互补,这样有利于拓宽太阳能电池的吸收范围以捕获更多的光子。光伏数据表明,低掺杂量的TPE-SQ分子可以有效地提升有机太阳能电池的光电转化效率。经TPE-SQ掺杂后,三元太阳能电池光电转化效率达到3.93%,相比二元体系提升了近20%。3、TPE-SQ是一种典型的方酸菁分子,核心结构是一个缺电子单元,很容易被亲核试剂进攻,如含巯基的化合物等,导致共轭结构发生改变,从而产生颜色和荧光发射的变化,达到检测的目的。我们利用紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱就TPE-SQ分子对含硫氨基酸,即硫醇,包括半胱氨酸(Cys)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的检测效果进行了探究。结果发现:TPE-SQ分子对硫醇的检测表现出很好的选择性。同时,探针分子的灵敏度也很高,对Cys、GSH和Hcy的最低检测限分别为9.8 nM、12.4 nM和9.7 nM。因此,TPE-SQ可以作为一种比率荧光探针来检测硫醇。
[Abstract]:Organic solar cells have attracted wide attention in the field of solar cells for their advantages of wide source, low cost and high carrier mobility. In recent years, researchers in this field have been working to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. After years of development, the laboratory efficiency of organic small molecule / polymer solar cells has exceeded that of 11g / n-type dye sensitized solar cells. But compared with inorganic solar cells, the efficiency is not high, there is still a lot of room for development. Organic materials play an important role in solar cells. The appropriate materials can effectively improve the photocapture ability, charge separation efficiency and reduce the charge recombination, and then improve the efficiency of the cell. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells by designing and synthesizing reasonable organic materials. In this thesis, we have designed and synthesized some organic solar cell materials and studied their photovoltaic properties. The main contents include the following three aspects: 1. Three D- 蟺 -A organic dye molecules (Q1OQ2 and Q3) based on trianiline were designed and synthesized and applied to dye sensitized solar cells. The effect of the structure of dye molecules on the performance of dye sensitized solar cells was studied. The results show that the introduction of hexoxy and hexyl thiophene groups can effectively prevent the charge recombination and is beneficial to charge transfer. In addition, we found that the efficiency of DSSCs treated with TiCl4 was not necessarily improved. There is only one hexyl thiophene group and one hexoxy group are introduced in Q1 molecule. After treatment with TiCl _ 4, the efficiency of solar cells based on Q _ 1 and Q _ 2 dye molecules was improved. However, the efficiency of Q3 molecules with two hexyl thiophene groups was not significantly improved. A novel near infrared acid cyanine dye molecule (TPE-SQ) was designed and synthesized and applied to ternary organic solar cells. The results show that the molecule of 1: TPE-SQ exhibits good solubility and absorptivity. There is a sharp and strong absorption band in the near infrared region (600 ~ 750nm), and the absorption on the thin film is very wide. The absorption range is 550 ~ 900 nm. A ternary organic solar cell was prepared by doping TPE-SQ into the binary system of P3HT: PC71BM. It was found that TPE-SQ enhanced the absorption in the near-infrared region and was complementary to the binary system of P3HT: PC71BM. This helps to broaden the absorption range of solar cells to capture more photons. Photovoltaic data show that TPE-SQ molecules with low doping amount can effectively improve the photoconversion efficiency of organic solar cells. After doping with TPE-SQ, the photoconversion efficiency of the ternary solar cell reaches 3.933, which is nearly 20.3% higher than the binary system. TPE-SQ is a typical acid cyanine molecule. The core structure is an electron-deficient unit, which is easy to be attacked by nucleophilic reagents. For example, compounds containing sulfhydryl group lead to the change of conjugate structure, which results in the change of color and fluorescence emission. The detection of thiol, including cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH) and homocysteine (Hcy) by TPE-SQ molecule was studied by UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the detection of mercaptan by the weight TPE-SQ molecule showed a good selectivity. At the same time, the sensitivity of the probe molecule is also very high. The minimum detection limits for Cystrol GSH and Hcy are 9.8 nM 12.4 nm and 9.7 nm respectively. Therefore, TPE-SQ can be used as a ratio fluorescence probe to detect mercaptan.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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