水磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 10:26

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 矢量控制　；参考：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：永磁同步电机(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,简称PMSM)的转子用永磁体代替了电励磁绕组,这样结构变得简单、体积变小、加之省去励磁绕组可以减少励磁损耗等优点,现在广泛应用于各行各业的伺服系统中。在高性能的电机应用中需要进行闭环控制,这就需要获取转子的位置,一般是通过传感器来检测转子的位置,但是通过传感器获取转子位置的过程中存在很多问题,其主要的问题是安装了传感器使得控制器与传感器之间的连线增多、控制系统的抗干扰能力下降、整个控制系统的成本增加、电机的体积变大,因此无位置传感器控制技术的研究就显得非常重要。首先,介绍了选题背景和意义、目前永磁同步电机矢量控制电流模式中常用的方法,在此基础上介绍了无位置传感器控制技术国内外研究现状,常用的无位置传感器控制方法作了分析,综合比较之后选择了对控制数学模型要求不高、抗干扰能力强、控制算法比较容易实现的滑模观测器。其次,分析了永磁同步电机数学模型以及各种坐标变换,深入研究了电压空间矢量脉宽调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation,简称 SVPWM),并建立了永磁同步电机矢量控制仿真模型验证其算法的正确性。接着介绍了滑模变结构的原理以及它的一些特性,在此基础上设计了滑模观测器,使用滑模观测器来估算转子的位置和转速并分析了其中存在抖振的原因,然后提出了对原有滑模观测的优化,使用饱和函数sat替换符号函数sign以及采用模糊控制增益取代原有的固定常数增益。利用Matlab/Simiulink搭建了滑模观测器来估算转子位置和速度的仿真模型,对比了优化前后的转速和转子位置估算效果,发现优化后估算的转子位置和转速更加接近电机实际运行的情况。最后,设计了整个控制系统实验平台的硬件电路和基于理论仿真分析的控制软件,并在搭建的实验平台上面做了相关的实验。
[Abstract]:Permanent Magnet synchronous Motor (PMSM) rotor uses permanent magnet instead of electric excitation winding. Now it is widely used in servo system of various industries. In the application of high performance motor, closed-loop control is needed, which requires the position of the rotor, which is usually detected by the sensor, but there are many problems in the process of obtaining the rotor position by the sensor. The main problem is that the installation of sensors increases the connection between the controller and the sensor, reduces the anti-interference ability of the control system, increases the cost of the whole control system, and increases the volume of the motor. Therefore, the research of position sensorless control technology is very important. Firstly, this paper introduces the background and significance of the topic, the current mode of PMSM vector control, and the research status of sensorless control technology at home and abroad. The commonly used sensorless control methods are analyzed. After comprehensive comparison, sliding mode observer with low requirement for control mathematical model, strong anti-interference ability and easy realization of control algorithm is selected. Secondly, the mathematical model and coordinate transformation of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are analyzed, and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is deeply studied, and the vector control simulation model of PMSM is established to verify the correctness of the algorithm. Then, the principle of sliding mode variable structure and some of its characteristics are introduced. Based on this, a sliding mode observer is designed. The rotor position and speed are estimated by sliding mode observer and the reason of buffeting is analyzed. Then, the optimization of the original sliding mode observation is proposed, the saturation function sat is used to replace the symbol function sign and the fuzzy control gain is used to replace the original fixed constant gain. A sliding mode observer is used to estimate rotor position and speed by Matlab / Simiulink. The results of rotor speed and rotor position estimation before and after optimization are compared. It is found that the estimated rotor position and speed are closer to the actual operation of the motor. Finally, the hardware circuit and control software based on theoretical simulation analysis of the whole control system experimental platform are designed, and the related experiments are made on the platform.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;TP273

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