超级电容器能量密度的提升策略

发布时间：2018-07-16 16:58

【摘要】：超级电容器具有优良的脉冲充放电性能和快速充放电性能,同时循环寿命长、工作温度范围宽、安全无污染,但能量密度较低.本文对超级电容器的工作原理、发展状况、缺陷所在和改进方法进行了简要介绍,以作者课题组在高比能超级电容器方面的研究工作为主线,结合近几年的文献报道,重点阐述了超级电容器能量密度的提升策略.主要围绕以下3个方面开展了工作:1)通过将电极材料尺寸纳米化来提高传统电极材料的比容量或开发其他高比容量的电极材料;2)发展具有高电压窗口的离子液体电解液,或利用不同材料在不同电位区间的电容特性构筑不对称电容器,从而提高超级电容器的电压窗口;3)将超级电容器和锂离子电池进行"内部交叉"构筑兼具高能量密度和高功率密度的锂离子混合电容器.最后,对超级电容器的发展进行了展望.
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors have excellent pulse charge-discharge performance and fast charge-discharge performance, long cycle life, wide working temperature range, safe and pollution-free, but low energy density. In this paper, the working principle, development status, defects and improvement methods of supercapacitors are briefly introduced. The main line of the author's research work on high specific energy supercapacitors is the main line, combined with the literature reports in recent years. The promotion strategy of energy density of supercapacitors is discussed in detail. This paper focuses on the following three aspects: 1) the development of ionic liquid electrolyte with high voltage window by increasing the specific capacity of traditional electrode materials or developing other high specific capacity electrode materials by nanocrystallizing electrode materials. Or using the capacitance characteristics of different materials in different potential ranges to construct asymmetric capacitors. In order to improve the voltage window of supercapacitor, the supercapacitor and lithium-ion battery are "intersected" to construct the lithium-ion hybrid capacitor with both high energy density and high power density. Finally, the development of supercapacitors is prospected.
【作者单位】：中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所清洁能源化学与材料实验室;青岛市资源化学与新材料研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21673263,No.21573265) 青岛市自主创新计划基金项目(No.16-5-1-42-jch) 西部博士基金项目资助
【分类号】：O646;TM53

【相似文献】