考虑磁致伸缩效应的电机减振降噪方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 16:15

【摘要】：电机遍布国民经济各领域和日常生活中,尤其在石油、化工、机械制造等行业领域中占据着极其重要的地位。当前人民物质生活水平不断提高、科学技术水平日益进步,电机各方面性能面临了严峻的挑战,尤其是对低振动噪声电机的需求越来越高。电磁噪声是电机振动噪声的主要组成部分,而电磁噪声的一部分由硅钢片磁致伸缩效应引起。磁致伸缩效应是在磁性材料等处于磁场中并被磁化时,并沿其磁化方向发生的伸长及缩短变化,表现为振动效果。本文首先讨论了电机定子结构硅钢片中磁致伸缩效应的存在以及磁致伸缩效应对电机定子结构的不良影响,说明了本课题考虑磁致伸缩效应的电机减振降噪方法的重要意义。从实验出发,设计了一种对电机定子结构进行振动测量实验的实验装置,针对实验中出现的现象,建立了二维电磁-机械耦合数值模型,并在有限元仿真软件中对磁致伸缩效应导致的电机定子结构振动特性进行了计算与分析,通过实验验证表明了磁致伸缩效应对电机定子结构振动的影响情况。针对由于电机定子结构硅钢片磁致伸缩效应导致的振动噪声问题,提出通过在电机定子中打孔填充具有负磁致伸缩特性的材料来抑制电机振动噪声的方法,即在保障填充材料的特性与定子硅钢片特性基本一致的前提下,使拟填充材料的负磁致伸缩与硅钢片的正磁致伸缩效应引起的形变基本相互抵消,对于负磁致伸缩材料的特性、尺寸和在电机结构中的合理分布位置由优化算法代入有限元分析过程迭代计算确定,从而最终达到减振降噪目的。本文选择拟填充材料孔的大小和分布位置作为优化算法的输入,整个电机定子的总应力作为输出,计算结果显示电机定子应力明显减小。实验与计算中用到的方法对分析磁致伸缩效应对电机定子硅钢片振动噪声的影响具有重要的指导意义,将为低噪声电机设计提供理论支撑,具有重要的学术意义和应用前景。
[Abstract]:Motor is widely used in the fields of national economy and daily life, especially in the fields of petroleum, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing and so on. With the improvement of people's material living standard and the progress of science and technology, the performance of motor is facing severe challenges, especially the demand for low vibration noise motor is more and more high. Electromagnetic noise is the main component of motor vibration noise, and the electromagnetic noise is caused by magnetostrictive effect of silicon steel sheet. The magnetostrictive effect is the variation of elongation and shortening along the direction of magnetization when the magnetic material is in the magnetic field and magnetized. In this paper, the existence of magnetostrictive effect and the adverse effect of magnetostrictive effect on motor stator structure are discussed, and the significance of the method of reducing vibration and noise of motor considering magnetostrictive effect is explained. Based on the experiment, an experimental device is designed to measure the vibration of the motor stator structure. A two-dimensional electromagnetic mechanical coupling numerical model is established in view of the phenomena in the experiment. The vibration characteristics of motor stator structure caused by magnetostriction effect are calculated and analyzed in finite element simulation software. The experimental results show that the magnetostrictive effect affects the stator structure vibration of motor. Aiming at the problem of vibration and noise caused by magnetostrictive effect of silicon steel sheet in motor stator structure, a method is proposed to suppress vibration noise of motor by filling holes in the stator of motor with negative magnetostrictive properties. That is, on the premise that the properties of filling materials are basically consistent with those of stator silicon steel sheets, the negative magnetostriction of imitated filling materials and the deformation caused by positive magnetostrictive effects of silicon steel sheets are basically offset each other, and for the characteristics of negative magnetostrictive materials, The size and the reasonable distribution position in the motor structure are determined by the optimization algorithm in the process of finite element analysis, so as to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction and noise reduction. In this paper, the size and distribution of the holes in the quasi-filled material are selected as the input of the optimization algorithm, and the total stress of the whole motor stator is taken as the output. The calculated results show that the stator stress of the motor decreases obviously. The methods used in experiment and calculation have important guiding significance for analyzing the effect of magnetostrictive effect on vibration noise of stator silicon steel sheet of motor, and will provide theoretical support for the design of low noise motor, and have important academic significance and application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM301.4

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