我国发电行业技术效率及其影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 19:37
【摘要】：2002年我国实行电力行业市场化改革,电力行业从此实现迅猛发展。至2013年,我国发电行业装机容量已达12.57亿千瓦,居世界之首；同时发电标准煤耗和厂用电率也下降到301.6g/kwh和5.05%,降幅分别达15%和18%。电力市场化改革的成果显而易见,但是,有研究表明,我国发电行业的整体效率仍处于较低水平。此外,本文注意到发电设备年均利用小时数也是在不断下降,这说明我国发电行业存在设备闲置、生产不足的局面,这有可能影响我国发电行业技术效率水平。电力行业市场化改革已历经十多年的时间,我国发电行业的技术效率水平是高是低,发生了怎样的变化,又有什么因素影响了发电行业技术效率,本文对此问题进行研究。本文绪论部分对有关电力行业技术效率的国内外研究文献进行了回顾总结,为本文的研究指明方向。第一章介绍了技术效率的概念及测算方法,并对这些方法进行了比较分析；第二章介绍我国发电行业的改革历程和现状；第三章从理论上分析了所有权结构、企业规模、煤电价格和环境规制等外生因素对发电行业技术效率的影响。第四章使用随机前沿方法对我国发电行业技术效率进行测算并实证分析了第三章中的外生因素对技术效率的影响,得出以下结论：(1)我国发电行业技术效率在2003—2012年间整体上不断上升,平均水平为0.81,还有很大的提升空间。(2)所有权结构对技术效率有显著的影响,国资比重越高,技术效率水平就越低。(3)企业规模与技术效率之间为倒U型关系。我国当前发电企业平均规模偏小,扩大企业规模有助于提升技术效率水平。(4)煤炭价格水平和电力价格水平对技术效率产生显著的负向和正向影响,提高电价水平有助于技术效率的提升。(5)二氧化硫排放量与技术效率之间为倒U型关系。我国现在处于环境规制越强,技术效率越高的阶段。(6)燃料运输成本、厂用电率和技术效率之间存在显著的负向关系。最后在第五章,本文依据实证分析结果提出了深化所有权改革、改革电价规制模式、提高企业规模经济效率、加大环境规制力度等政策建议以增强我国发电行业技术效率。
[Abstract]:In 2002, our country carried out the market reform of electric power industry, and the electric power industry developed rapidly from then on. By 2013, the installed capacity of China's power generation industry had reached 1.257bn kilowatts, ranking first in the world. At the same time, the standard coal consumption of power generation and the rate of auxiliary power consumption had also dropped to 301.6g/kwh and 5.05 percent, down by 15 percent and 18 percent, respectively. The achievements of electric power marketization reform are obvious, however, some studies show that the overall efficiency of power generation industry is still at a low level. In addition, this paper notes that the number of annual utilization hours of power generation equipment is also declining, which indicates that there is a situation of idle equipment and insufficient production in power generation industry in China, which may affect the technical efficiency level of power generation industry in China. It has been more than ten years since the reform of electric power industry marketization. The technical efficiency level of power generation industry in China is high or low, what changes have taken place, and what factors have affected the technical efficiency of power generation industry, this paper studies this problem. The introduction part of this paper reviews and summarizes the domestic and foreign research literatures on the technical efficiency of power industry, and points out the direction of the research. The first chapter introduces the concept and measurement methods of technical efficiency, and makes a comparative analysis of these methods; the second chapter introduces the reform process and current situation of power generation industry in China; the third chapter theoretically analyzes the ownership structure, enterprise scale, The influence of exogenous factors such as coal price and environmental regulation on the technical efficiency of power generation industry. Chapter four uses stochastic frontier method to measure the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China and empirically analyzes the influence of exogenous factors on technical efficiency in chapter three. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China has been increasing continuously in 2003-2012, with an average level of 0.81, and there is still much room for improvement. (2) ownership structure has a significant impact on technical efficiency, and the proportion of state capital is higher. The level of technical efficiency is lower. (3) the relationship between enterprise scale and technical efficiency is inverted U-type. At present, the average scale of power generation enterprises in China is on the small side, and expanding the scale of enterprises will help to improve the level of technical efficiency. (4) the coal price level and the power price level have a significant negative and positive impact on the technical efficiency. Raising the level of electricity price is helpful to the improvement of technical efficiency. (5) the relationship between sulfur dioxide emission and technical efficiency is inversely U-shaped. China is now in the stage of stronger environmental regulation and higher technical efficiency. (6) there is a significant negative relationship among fuel transportation cost, power consumption rate and technical efficiency. Finally, in the fifth chapter, based on the results of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to enhance the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China, such as deepening the ownership reform, reforming the regulation mode of electricity price, improving the efficiency of scale economy of enterprises, and increasing the intensity of environmental regulation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F426.61
本文编号：2171135
[Abstract]:In 2002, our country carried out the market reform of electric power industry, and the electric power industry developed rapidly from then on. By 2013, the installed capacity of China's power generation industry had reached 1.257bn kilowatts, ranking first in the world. At the same time, the standard coal consumption of power generation and the rate of auxiliary power consumption had also dropped to 301.6g/kwh and 5.05 percent, down by 15 percent and 18 percent, respectively. The achievements of electric power marketization reform are obvious, however, some studies show that the overall efficiency of power generation industry is still at a low level. In addition, this paper notes that the number of annual utilization hours of power generation equipment is also declining, which indicates that there is a situation of idle equipment and insufficient production in power generation industry in China, which may affect the technical efficiency level of power generation industry in China. It has been more than ten years since the reform of electric power industry marketization. The technical efficiency level of power generation industry in China is high or low, what changes have taken place, and what factors have affected the technical efficiency of power generation industry, this paper studies this problem. The introduction part of this paper reviews and summarizes the domestic and foreign research literatures on the technical efficiency of power industry, and points out the direction of the research. The first chapter introduces the concept and measurement methods of technical efficiency, and makes a comparative analysis of these methods; the second chapter introduces the reform process and current situation of power generation industry in China; the third chapter theoretically analyzes the ownership structure, enterprise scale, The influence of exogenous factors such as coal price and environmental regulation on the technical efficiency of power generation industry. Chapter four uses stochastic frontier method to measure the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China and empirically analyzes the influence of exogenous factors on technical efficiency in chapter three. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China has been increasing continuously in 2003-2012, with an average level of 0.81, and there is still much room for improvement. (2) ownership structure has a significant impact on technical efficiency, and the proportion of state capital is higher. The level of technical efficiency is lower. (3) the relationship between enterprise scale and technical efficiency is inverted U-type. At present, the average scale of power generation enterprises in China is on the small side, and expanding the scale of enterprises will help to improve the level of technical efficiency. (4) the coal price level and the power price level have a significant negative and positive impact on the technical efficiency. Raising the level of electricity price is helpful to the improvement of technical efficiency. (5) the relationship between sulfur dioxide emission and technical efficiency is inversely U-shaped. China is now in the stage of stronger environmental regulation and higher technical efficiency. (6) there is a significant negative relationship among fuel transportation cost, power consumption rate and technical efficiency. Finally, in the fifth chapter, based on the results of empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to enhance the technical efficiency of power generation industry in China, such as deepening the ownership reform, reforming the regulation mode of electricity price, improving the efficiency of scale economy of enterprises, and increasing the intensity of environmental regulation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F426.61
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