集成可拉伸电极的全柔性一体式摩擦纳米发电机

发布时间：2018-08-11 09:19

【摘要】：二十一世纪以来,能源危机问题日趋明显,并已经成为限制世界经济发展和人类文明进步的瓶颈性问题。为解决能源危机问题,世界各国致力于发展新能源和可再生能源技术,该类技术也已经成为新时代的技术导向。太阳能、水能、风能、热能、核能等可再生能源也已经成功应用于生产和生活中。然而,生活中存在的的多种无规则的、无处不在的微小能量,如人体运动能、机械振动能、传统方式难以收集的微小风能、水能等等,经常被人们所忽略。因此,如何有效地进行微小能源采集已成为近年来的研究热点。近年来,微能源采集技术发展迅速。现已形成四大类技术分支:振动驱动电磁式微能源采集器、压电式微能源采集器、静电式振动能量采集器、摩擦纳米发电机。2012年,王中林院士课题组首次成功研制摩擦纳米发电机,这一重大发现开启了微能源采集技术的新篇章。这种发电机基于摩擦起电和静电感应,通过两种不同极性的摩擦材料间的周期性摩擦来产生电力。通过几年来学者们的深入研究和广泛应用,摩擦纳米发电机已经被证明为是一种采集微小能量的有效方式。现在,摩擦纳米发电机主要分为三种:接触分离式,滑动摩擦式,单电极式。摩擦纳米发电机可以收集日常生活中常见的人体运动能,机械振动能,并转换为电能,可为便携式、可穿戴式电子产品供电。此外,便携式、穿戴式电子设备正朝着集成化、人性化的方向发展。随着材料科学、柔性电子和纳米技术的飞速发展,具备生物兼容性、自供能的智能传感器件应运而生。这就给应用于人体运动能采集的摩擦纳米发电机提出了新的要求。目前所开发的摩擦纳米发电机主要依靠传统的柔性较差且不可拉伸的电极材料,这极大限制了摩擦纳米发电机的应用范围。因此,开发一种具备良好的柔性和导电性的电极材料来替代传统电极,进而进一步开发出基于全柔性材料的新型摩擦纳米发电机的需求迫切。本文中所制备的全柔性一体式摩擦纳米发电机主要由可拉伸电极和硅胶构成。其中,由硅胶聚合物和导电功能填料混炼制备而成的可拉伸电极具有良好的导电性、柔韧性和可拉伸性,而且其表面自带有规则的微纳结构。利用硅胶制备出得摩擦负相极面磁疗具有良好的介电性和可拉伸性。当该摩擦纳米发电机被拉伸、弯折、挤压1000次以后,依然能够稳定工作。此外,本文还通过电学输出性能测试进一步验证了全柔性一体式摩擦纳米发电机的工作原理。最后,作为实际应用举例,本文利用所制备的全柔性一体式摩擦纳米发电机驱动发光二极管,并将其作为人体运动姿态监测传感器,对人体运动姿态进行实时监测。
[Abstract]:Since 21 century, the problem of energy crisis has become more and more obvious, and has become the bottleneck of restricting the development of world economy and the progress of human civilization. In order to solve the problem of energy crisis, countries all over the world devote themselves to the development of new and renewable energy technologies, which have also become the technological direction of the new era. Solar, hydro, wind, thermal, nuclear and other renewable energy have been successfully used in production and life. However, the existence of a variety of irregular, ubiquitous tiny energy, such as human motion energy, mechanical vibration energy, the traditional way of collecting small wind energy, water energy and so on, is often ignored by people. Therefore, how to collect micro energy effectively has become a hot topic in recent years. In recent years, micro-energy acquisition technology has developed rapidly. There are now four broad branches of technology: Vibration-driven electromagnetic micro-energy collector, piezoelectric micro-energy collector, electrostatic vibration energy collector, friction nano-generator. Academician Wang Zhonglin successfully developed friction nano generator for the first time, which opens a new chapter in micro-energy acquisition technology. The generator generates electricity through periodic friction between two kinds of friction materials with different polarity based on friction and electrostatic induction. In recent years, friction nano-generator has been proved to be an effective way to collect small energy through deep research and wide application by scholars. At present, friction nano-generators are mainly divided into three types: contact separation type, sliding friction type, single electrode type. Friction nano-generator can collect the common energy of human body motion and mechanical vibration in daily life and convert it into electric energy. It can supply power for portable wearable electronic products. In addition, portable, wearable electronic devices are developing towards integration and humanization. With the rapid development of materials science, flexible electronics and nanotechnology, intelligent sensing devices with biocompatibility and energy supply have emerged. This puts forward a new requirement for the application of friction nano generator which can be used in human motion energy collection. At present, the friction nano-generator is mainly based on the traditional flexible and non-tensile electrode materials, which greatly limits the application of friction nano-generator. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a kind of electrode material with good flexibility and conductivity to replace the traditional electrode, and then to develop a new type of friction nano-generator based on fully flexible materials. In this paper, the fully flexible integrated friction nano generator is mainly composed of extensible electrode and silica gel. Among them, the extensible electrode prepared from silica gel polymer and conductive functional filler has good electrical conductivity, flexibility and extensibility, and its surface has its own regular micro-nano structure. The friction negative polar surface magnetic therapy prepared by silica gel has good dielectric and tensile properties. When the friction nano generator is stretched, bent, and extruded 1000 times, it can still work stably. In addition, the working principle of the fully flexible integrated friction nano generator is further verified by the electrical output performance test. Finally, as an example of practical application, the all-flexible all-in-one friction nano-generator is used to drive light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which is used as a human motion attitude monitoring sensor to monitor human motion attitude in real time.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM31

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