分布式光伏发电系统优化设计

发布时间：2018-08-20 09:32

【摘要】：如今,随着经济的快速增长,能源的巨大消耗和环境保护是世界各国都要面对的重大课题,洁净能源的开发和利用已经成为能源发展的大趋势。太阳能作为清洁能源的一种,因其无穷无尽、源源不断,无疑成为可持续发展战略的完美清洁能源之一。分布式光伏电站以靠近用户的特点,既能满足我国东部地区快速增长的电力需求又能解决偏远地区集中供电难的问题,因此推广和使用分布式光伏电站拥有很好的经济和环保价值。本文以邢台市的一个160.16kWp光伏车棚项目为例,对系统方案进行了设计、优化和模拟验证,对项目的可行性进行了评价,具体工作如下:(1)在大气质量一般的地区Meteonom7的辐射量数据比NASA的辐射数据更接近地面观测值,由Meteonom7软件查得邢台地区的年总辐射量为1374kWh/m2·a,属于太阳能资源丰富地带,且当地具有适宜的气象条件,综合分析认为项目所在地适合建设光伏电站。(2)本光伏车棚主要由太阳能电池组件、组串式逆变器和交流并网设备组成;结合组件类型、规格和市场情况,本项目选用260Wp多晶硅双玻组件;对比分析了集中式和组串式逆变设计方式,虽然组串式逆变方案初投资略高,但是发电量较多,故选用33kW的组串式逆变器。(3)跟踪式系统能显著提高发电量,但占地面积和初投资均较多,综合对比认为固定安装的阵列运行方式更适合本光伏车棚;为了减少计算量,本文开发了阵列间距的计算程序;在邢台地区,阵列朝南安装时,经计算最佳倾角为33度。增大倾角能够提高组件的利用率但土地利用率却降低,经对比分析认为阵列朝南布置时的“经济倾角”为20度。为了简化施工和排水,确定了车棚朝向为正东,倾角为5度;经计算,以22块组件为一串,分为5路和6路两种形式接入逆变器都无MPPT(最大功率点跟踪)损失,确定了系统的电气主接线方案。(4)经PVsyst光伏系统设计软件模拟计算,本光伏车棚年均发电量是16.98万千瓦时,30年总发电量为509.54万千瓦时,系统综合发电效率为87%,具有可观的节约能源减少排放效果;项目初投资为120万元,根据上网模式的不同,成本回收期在6.5~8年之间,年收益率为12.015%,自用比例越高投资回收期越短,收益越高,本光伏车棚项目具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the rapid growth of economy, the huge consumption of energy and environmental protection is a major issue that all countries in the world have to face. The development and utilization of clean energy has become a major trend of energy development. As a kind of clean energy, solar energy has become one of the perfect clean energy for sustainable development strategy. The distributed photovoltaic power plants are close to the users, which can not only meet the rapid growth of power demand in the eastern part of China, but also solve the problem of the difficulty of centralized power supply in remote areas. Therefore, the promotion and use of distributed photovoltaic power plants have good economic and environmental value. Taking a 160.16kWp photovoltaic vehicle shed project in Xingtai as an example, this paper designs, optimizes and simulates the system scheme, and evaluates the feasibility of the project. The specific work is as follows: (1) the radiation data of Meteonom7 is closer to the ground observation value than the radiation data of NASA in the area of general atmospheric quality. The total annual radiation amount in Xingtai area is found by Meteonom7 software to be 1374kWh/m2 a, which belongs to the rich area of solar energy resources. And the local weather conditions, comprehensive analysis that the site of the project is suitable for the construction of photovoltaic power plants. (2) the photovoltaic vehicle shed is mainly composed of solar cell modules, series inverter and AC grid-connected equipment, combined with the type of components, Specification and market situation, this project chooses 260Wp polycrystalline silicon double glass assembly, contrasts and analyzes the centralized and the group series inverter design method, although the group string inverter scheme initial investment is slightly higher, but the electricity generation is more, Therefore, the 33kW series inverter is selected. (3) the tracking system can significantly increase the power generation, but the area and the initial investment are both large. It is considered that the fixed array operation mode is more suitable for the photovoltaic shed, and in order to reduce the calculation amount, it is considered that the fixed array operation mode is more suitable for the photovoltaic shed. In this paper, the calculation program of array spacing is developed, and the optimum inclination angle is 33 degrees when the array is installed south in Xingtai area. Increasing the inclination angle can increase the utilization ratio of the module but decrease the land utilization ratio. The economic inclination angle of the array is 20 degrees when the array is arranged southward. In order to simplify the construction and drainage, it is determined that the vehicle shed faces to the east and the inclination angle is 5 degrees. By calculation, 22 modules are taken as a string, which are divided into 5 channels and 6 ways of access inverters without MPPT loss. The main electrical connection scheme of the system is determined. (4) through the simulation calculation of PVsyst photovoltaic system design software, the average annual capacity of the photovoltaic shed is 169800 kilowatt-hours, and the total power generation in 30 years is 5.0954 million kilowatt-hours. The comprehensive power generation efficiency of the system is 87, which has considerable energy saving and emission reduction effect. The initial investment of the project is 1.2 million yuan. According to the different Internet access modes, the cost recovery period is between 6.5 and 8 years, and the annual return rate is 12.015. The higher the ratio of self-use is, the shorter the investment payback period is. The higher the revenue, the photovoltaic shed project is feasible.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM615

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