钙钛矿太阳能电池制备工艺及其界面修饰的研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 14:27

【摘要】：面对日益严重的能源短缺和环境污染问题,清洁无污染的新能源开发已成为解决当今社会能源需求的重大课题之一。其中太阳能以其干净、安全、无污染和储量巨大等诸多优点,吸引了众多研究人员的目光,据此发展起来的电池器件已成为了电力能源中最为重要的一员。目前,传统的晶硅电池器件产品已实现了批量化生产,不过其产品制造原材料价格较高,十分不利于其应用的广泛性。此时,相关科研人员不得不逐渐将目光转移到了性能优良、价格低廉的新型电池器件上来。近年来,基于有机无机杂化钙钛矿材料制备的太阳能电池器件,由于其具有丰富的原料来源、低廉的生产成本、多样的制备工艺和较高的转换效率等优点,而受到了众多研究者们的青睐,并已获得了飞跃式的发展。在钙钛矿太阳能电池器件制备过程中,相比于其他器件类型,平面类型电池器件具有器件制备工艺简单,材料价格低廉,光电性能效果好等众多优点,因此,本文将此类型电池器件作为了文章的主要研究对象,其中采用MAPbI_3作为器件的光吸收层材料。具体研究内容如下:1、通过对钙钛矿太阳能电池器件的MAPbI_3光吸收层分别利用二步溶液旋涂法、二步旋涂-浸渍法、双源共蒸发法、气相辅助溶液法进行了制备;并对各个制备工艺得出的电池器件进行各方面测试表征,分析讨论了各个制备工艺的优缺点。2、采用了高沸点的极性材料二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对电池结构的阳极界面进行修饰,研究了经DMSO修饰前后,阳极界面层PEDOT:PSS薄膜透光性、表面形貌及其电导率的变化,并分析讨论了修饰前后钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的变化趋势,得出了修饰后器件可以获得更优光电性能的结论。3、由于钙钛矿太阳能电池器件的MAPbI_3光吸收层对水汽、氧气较敏感,受到水汽和氧气的侵蚀会产生分解,进而导致器件的性能下降。针对这种问题,在实验过程中通过采用蒸镀一层BCP薄层作为器件的阴极界面修饰层,一方面可以降低电子和空穴在电池内部的复合几率,提升了电池的光电性能;另一方面增强了电池器件对水汽的阻隔能力,降低了水汽对钙钛矿太阳能电池光吸收层的破坏,增加了器件的稳定性。
[Abstract]:Facing the increasingly serious problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, clean and non-polluting new energy development has become one of the most important issues to solve the energy demand of today's society. Solar energy has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its many advantages, such as clean, safe, pollution-free and huge reserves. Based on this, the battery device has become the most important member in power energy. At present, the traditional silicon battery devices have been mass produced, but the price of raw materials is high, which is not conducive to its wide application. At this time, the researchers have to focus on the performance of the new low-cost battery devices. In recent years, solar cell devices based on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have many advantages, such as abundant raw materials, low production cost, various preparation processes and high conversion efficiency. It has been favored by many researchers and has been developed by leaps and bounds. In the fabrication process of perovskite solar cell devices, compared with other device types, planar type battery devices have many advantages, such as simple fabrication process, low cost of materials, good photoelectric performance and so on. In this paper, this type of battery device is considered as the main research object, in which MAPbI_3 is used as the optical absorption layer material. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. The MAPbI_3 photoabsorption layer of perovskite solar cell is prepared by two-step solution spin-coating, two-step spin-coating, two-source co-evaporation and gas-assisted solution method, respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of each preparation process were analyzed and discussed. The anode interface of the battery structure was modified by high boiling point polarity material dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The changes of optical transmittance, surface morphology and electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film in anodic interface layer before and after modification by DMSO were studied. The change trend of photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells before and after modification was analyzed. It is concluded that the modified device can obtain better photoelectric performance. Because the MAPbI_3 photoabsorption layer of the perovskite solar cell device is sensitive to water vapor and oxygen, it will decompose when eroded by water vapor and oxygen. In turn, the performance of the device is reduced. In order to solve this problem, a thin layer of BCP is used as the cathode interface modification layer in the experiment. On the one hand, the recombination probability of electron and hole in the battery can be reduced, and the photoelectric performance of the battery can be improved. On the other hand, it enhances the barrier ability of the battery device to water vapor, reduces the damage of water vapor to the photoabsorption layer of perovskite solar cell, and increases the stability of the device.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4

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