单晶硅电池表面金纳米颗粒的生长与作用

发布时间：2018-11-02 14:38

【摘要】：随着能源问题的日益严峻,太阳能电池的研发和产业化得到快速发展,新的材料,新的结构,新的工艺层出不穷。虽然太阳能电池发电拥有广阔的发展前景,但是目前由太阳能电池转化太阳能所获得的电能相比于传统能源仍然缺乏竞争优势。要使太阳能电池的大规模使用需要进一步降低太阳能电池的制作成本,提高太阳能电池的效率。降低太阳能电池的光学损失,通过表面修饰使更多光子进入太阳能电池内部是提高太阳能电池效率的重要途径。目前市场上硅太阳能电池普遍采用表面织构和制备减反射膜的办法,可以在此基础上优化纳米陷光结构进一步提高太阳能电池的效率。在硅电池表面蒸镀一层金薄膜,快速退火热处理后固态脱湿制备出金纳米颗粒,耦合太阳光形成表面等离子体,能够有效地降低电池表面太阳光的反射。本学位论文首先确定了金薄膜在平面衬底表面的脱湿演化,并在此基础上对非平面的硅太阳能电池表面的脱湿进行了系统分析。研究了硅电池表面金纳米颗粒的退火形成机理,分析了其形貌、直径大小与薄膜厚度,退火温度的关系,深入分析其成型机理。通过光学测试确定了通过退火条件和薄膜沉积等不同条件的控制,可以很大程度上改变金纳米结构的光学性质,在非平面的硅太阳能电池表面的脱湿过程中,当金膜比较厚的时候,观察到了从均相脱湿到旋节线脱湿的演化。另外,相比平面衬底,硅太阳能电池表面的微米结构对脱湿具有较大影响,并通过动力学进行了分析,在硅金字塔结构的顶部和底部存在不同的脱湿情况,该现象有利于研究太阳能电池的宽谱或者全谱陷光结构。通过溶液直接滴加沉积和热脱湿方法的比较。实现金纳米颗粒与硅太阳能电池的有效结合,通过分析热处理对电池自身的影响和有金薄膜沉积之后的影响,并基于实验过程,用FDTD solutions光学仿真软件对电池表面的金纳米颗粒增强光吸收过程进行了理论计算,研究发现热处理脱湿金薄膜获得的金纳米颗粒可以对硅太阳能电池实现效率增强。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy problems, the research and development of solar cells and industrialization have been rapid development, new materials, new structures, new processes emerge in endlessly. Although solar power generation has a broad development prospects, but the current solar energy from the conversion of solar energy is still lack of competitive advantage compared with traditional energy. It is necessary to reduce the production cost of solar cells and improve the efficiency of solar cells. Reducing the optical loss of solar cells and making more photons into solar cells through surface modification is an important way to improve the efficiency of solar cells. At present, silicon solar cells generally use the methods of surface texture and antireflection film preparation, which can further improve the efficiency of solar cells by optimizing the structure of nano-trapping light. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by vaporizing a layer of gold film on the surface of silicon battery after rapid annealing and dehumidification. Surface plasmas were formed by coupling solar light, which can effectively reduce the reflection of solar light on the surface of the cell. In this dissertation, the dehumidification evolution of gold thin films on the surface of planar substrates is first determined, and the dehumidification on the surface of non-planar silicon solar cells is systematically analyzed. The formation mechanism of gold nanoparticles on the surface of silicon battery was studied. The relationship between the morphology, diameter and thickness of the film and annealing temperature was analyzed, and the forming mechanism was analyzed. The optical properties of gold nanostructures can be changed to a great extent by the control of annealing conditions and thin film deposition, which can be used to dehumidify the surface of non-planar silicon solar cells. When the gold film is thicker, the evolution from homogeneous dehumidification to desiccant is observed. In addition, compared with the planar substrate, the micron structure of the silicon solar cell surface has great influence on the dehumidification, and through the dynamics analysis, there are different dehumidification conditions at the top and the bottom of the silicon pyramid structure. This phenomenon is helpful to study the wide spectrum or full spectrum trapping light structure of solar cells. The methods of direct drop deposition and thermal dehumidification were compared. To realize the effective combination of gold nanoparticles and silicon solar cells, by analyzing the effect of heat treatment on the battery itself and the effect of gold film deposition, and based on the experimental process, FDTD solutions optical simulation software was used to calculate the optical absorption process of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the solar cell. It was found that the gold nanoparticles obtained from the dehumidified gold film could enhance the efficiency of the silicon solar cell.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM914.4

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