基于ZigBee网络的远程电力抄表系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-11-05 15:45

【摘要】：近年来,随着互联网的日新月异和新技术不断的出现,社会对电力的依赖程度变得越来越高。传统的人工定期走访用户的抄表形式,不仅没有办法保证数据的实时同步及准确性,而且还浪费了大量的人力物力资源。目前我国远程电力抄表系统大部分采取了RS-485、RS-232等有线的通信方式。然而随着用户数量的不断增多,对数据实时性和稳定性要求也不断增加,这些有线通讯抄表方式的缺点也逐渐暴露出来,如在前期布线过程中,繁琐的线路导致工作量过大、不容易扩展,对于线损的维护成本过高且维护复杂等问题。为使上述难题得到解决,无线远程抄表技术应用而生。无线远程抄表技术既要打破原有的电力抄表方式,又要准确的抄录电能表数据,同时对系统自身的功耗有着极为严格的要求。像蓝牙、GPRS、WiFi等无线抄表技术还不能满足这种高需求。ZigBee是一种较新的技术,它具有许多优点如:功耗较低、成本较低、复杂度低等等。同时,其网络容量大、高安全性和高可靠性等优点也预示着ZigBee技术在无线远程抄表中的优势。本文通过研究传统的抄表技术和新兴的远程抄表技术,提出了一种基于ZigBee无线通信技术的远程电力抄表方案。针对本文实现的远程电力抄表系统,首先对系统进行需求分析,从功能及性能两个角度对系统的需求进行详细阐述,进而形成系统总体的设计方案。然后从软、硬件两方面对系统进行详细设计。硬件部分协调器、路由器、采集终端三类网络节点的芯片均采用TI公司生产的CC2530来作为无线传输模块,同时又加入CC2591射频前端扩大了数据通信距离。接着重点分析了三类网络节点组网、入网的过程,最终实现了数据无线传输的功能。软件部分先是对下位机软件进行设计,利用C语言在IAR平台上完成程序代码的编写;其次对上位机软件的各功能模块和数据库进行详细设计,利用Java语言在MyEclipse平台完成上位机软件程序代码的编写。现在大多数公司设计的抄表系统主要完成了对电能表数据信息的采集,对少数有窃电行为的用户不能达到即时监测的要求,因此在本文设计的抄表系统中加入了窃电识别功能,即时诊断用户是否存在窃电行为。同时又加入了短信催缴费功能,当居民所剩电费额度不够时,以短信方式通知用户及时进行缴费,省去了电力人员挨家挨户张贴欠费单所带来的麻烦。最后搭建了系统的测试平台,对无线抄表系统上位机与下位机整体功能进行测试。通过测试结果得出,本远程抄表系统可以准确地完成数据的采集功能以及对数据的一系列处理,达到了之前需求中期望的效果,证明了实验的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet and the emergence of new technologies, the society has become more and more dependent on electricity. The traditional manual regular visit to the user meter reading form, not only can not guarantee the real-time synchronization and accuracy of the data, but also wasted a lot of human and material resources. At present, the remote power meter reading system in our country mostly adopts RS-485,RS-232 and other wired communication methods. However, with the increasing number of users, the demand for real-time and stability of data is also increasing, and the shortcomings of these wired communication meter reading methods are gradually exposed. For example, in the early wiring process, the tedious circuits lead to too much work. It is not easy to extend, the maintenance cost of line loss is too high and the maintenance is complex. In order to solve the above problem, wireless remote meter reading technology has been applied. Wireless remote meter reading technology is not only to break the original power meter reading mode, but also to accurately record the Watt-hour meter data, at the same time, the power consumption of the system is very strict. Wireless meter reading technology such as Bluetooth and GPRS,WiFi can not meet this high demand. ZigBee is a new technology which has many advantages such as low power consumption low cost low complexity and so on. At the same time, the advantages of high network capacity, high security and high reliability also indicate the advantages of ZigBee technology in wireless remote meter reading. By studying the traditional meter reading technology and the emerging remote meter reading technology, this paper proposes a remote power meter reading scheme based on ZigBee wireless communication technology. In view of the remote power meter reading system realized in this paper, the requirements of the system are analyzed firstly, and the requirements of the system are described in detail from the two aspects of function and performance, and then the overall design scheme of the system is formed. Then the system is designed in detail from two aspects: software and hardware. The chips of hardware part coordinator, router and acquisition terminal all adopt CC2530 produced by TI as wireless transmission module. At the same time, CC2591 RF front-end expands the distance of data communication. Then, the paper analyzes the process of three kinds of network nodes, and finally realizes the function of wireless data transmission. In the software part, the lower computer software is designed, and the program code is written on IAR platform with C language. Secondly, the function modules and database of PC software are designed in detail, and the program code of PC software is compiled by Java language on MyEclipse platform. At present, the meter reading system designed by most companies has mainly completed the collection of the data information of the electric energy meter, and can not meet the requirements of real-time monitoring for a few users who have the behavior of stealing electricity. Therefore, the function of electricity theft identification has been added to the meter reading system designed in this paper. Instant diagnosis of power theft by the user. At the same time, it also adds the SMS to urge payment, when the amount of electricity left by the residents is not enough, the users are informed by SMS to pay in time, which saves the trouble caused by the door-to-door posting of arrears by electric power personnel. Finally, the test platform of the system is built to test the whole function of the upper computer and the lower computer of the wireless meter reading system. The test results show that the remote meter reading system can accurately complete the data collection function and a series of data processing, and achieve the desired results in the previous requirements, which proves the feasibility of the experiment.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM933.4

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