面向电缆故障检测的噪声时域反射测量研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 14:01

【摘要】：随着经济社会的迅猛发展,电缆作为一种重要的传输介质,在航空航天、高铁和船舶等大型运载工具中使用频繁。由于电缆往往容易受到来自外力的损坏、恶劣环境下的化学腐蚀和自身的绝缘老化等影响,电缆故障难以避免。如何能够提高电缆运行的可靠性,是当前电缆领域的一项重要研究课题。为了实现电缆故障在线检测和同时检测捆绑成束的电缆或多芯电缆不同支路上的故障,对噪声信号应用到电缆故障检测方面进行了尝试。本论文通过运用噪声信号作为探测信号来对电缆故障进行检测,主要研究内容有以下几个方面:1.阐述了电缆的应用范围以及电缆故障产生的原因和类型,并总结了常用电缆故障检测方法,通过分析比较这些方法的优缺点,提出了利用噪声信号作为探测信号来检测电缆故障。2.分析了基于噪声时域反射测量电缆故障的理论基础。利用噪声信号作为测试信号,只要其具有类似于δ型函数相关特性,可实现电缆故障的在线检测。3.运用噪声电路中工作在反偏状态下的硅稳压二极管输出的噪声信号作为探测信号,对同轴电缆进行断路、短路和阻抗失配等故障检测。实验结果表明,最远探测距离为2000m;在600m的探测范围内,相对误差在2.5%附近,在2000m的探测范围内,相对误差局限在5.6%。同时构建了一个简单的数字通信系统,以此来对该系统中正在传输信号的电缆进行在线检测。实验结果说明,噪声探测信号对通信系统引入的误码率小于5.82E-10。4.利用多路滤波后的放大自发辐射噪声作为电缆束或者多芯电缆不同支路的探测信号,可同时检测不同支路上的电缆故障,且没有相互干扰。对同轴电缆组成的电缆束进行断路、短路和阻抗失配等故障检测,实验结果表明,最远探测距离为720m;在50m的测量范围内,相对误差在0.8%附近;在700m的测量范围内,相对误差控制在2.6%以内。此外,实验验证该方法可以实现电缆故障的在线检测。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, cable, as an important transmission medium, is frequently used in large carriers such as aerospace, high-speed rail and ships. Because cable is easily damaged by external force, chemical corrosion in bad environment and insulation aging, it is difficult to avoid cable failure. How to improve the reliability of cable operation is an important research topic in cable field. In order to realize on-line detection of cable faults and simultaneous detection of faults in different branches of bundled cables or multi-core cables, the application of noise signals to cable fault detection is attempted. In this paper, the noise signal is used as the detection signal to detect the cable fault. The main research contents are as follows: 1. This paper expounds the application scope of cable, the causes and types of cable faults, summarizes the common cable fault detection methods, and analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. In this paper, noise signal is used as detection signal to detect cable fault. The theoretical basis of measuring cable faults based on noise time domain reflection is analyzed. As long as the noise signal is used as the test signal, the on-line detection of cable faults can be realized as long as it has the characteristics similar to 未 type function. Using the noise signal from the silicon Zener diode working in the reverse bias state in the noise circuit as the detection signal, the fault detection of the coaxial cable such as open circuit, short circuit and impedance mismatch is carried out. The experimental results show that the maximum detection range is 2000m, the relative error is about 2.5% within the detection range of 600m, and the relative error is limited to 5.6m within the detection range of 2000m. At the same time, a simple digital communication system is constructed to detect the signal in the system. The experimental results show that the bit error rate introduced by the noise detection signal to the communication system is less than 5.82E-10.4. The amplified spontaneous emission noise after multichannel filtering can be used as the detection signal of cable bundles or different branches of multi-core cables, which can simultaneously detect the cable faults on different branches without interference with each other. The test results show that the farthest detection distance is 720m, and the relative error is about 0.8% in the range of 50m, the fault detection of the cable bundle composed of coaxial cable is carried out, such as breaking circuit, short circuit and impedance mismatch, and so on, the experimental results show that the maximum detection distance is 720m. In the range of 700m, the relative error is controlled within 2.6%. In addition, the experimental results show that the method can be used to detect cable faults on line.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM248.3

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