基于分数阶滑模转速估计的感应电机控制研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 05:23

【摘要】：由于感应电机速度、转矩响应的快速性和本身结构的优势,高性能的感应电机矢量控制已在工业控制领域广泛应用。在矢量控制系统中,磁链和转速是实现坐标变换和闭环控制的必须信号。但因为速度传感器的装配、信号传送、环境条件限制等问题影响控制系统性能,而磁链在实际应用中很难用传感器检测到。因此使用无速度传感器技术在电机控制领域中的应用已经越来越广泛。利用滑模观测器的转速估计策略能增强系统对参数扰动和外部不利因素的抗干扰能力,因此得到了广泛的应用。分数阶微积分与滑模控制相结合时,具有更大的调节自由度,可以有效地抑制传统滑模观测器中存在的抖振问题,实时性更好,响应速度快,能够进一步提高系统的控制性能。本文的主要内容是基于分数阶滑模转速估计的感应电机控制研究,结合滑模控制理论和分数阶微积分理论的优点,采用感应电机的定子电压、电流作为输入,设计出基于定子电流观测误差的滑模面和分数阶滑模控制率的分数阶滑模观测器,对感应电机磁链和转速进行高精度估计,并将其用于感应电机矢量控制系统中,以提高矢量控制系统的控制性能。最后分析电机参数变化对控制系统的影响,并利用基于分数阶滑模观测器的参数辨识方法对感应电机的定子电阻和转子时间常数进行了辨识。根据所设计的感应电机分数阶滑模观测器,分别搭建了感应电机转速估计模型、矢量控制系统模型以及定子电阻和转子时间常数辨识模型,在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上进行了正确性和有效性验证,并将仿真结果进行比较分析。仿真结果表明,相较于普通整数阶滑模观测器,分数阶滑模观测器对转速和磁链的辨识精度高、跟随性能好,有效地减小了抖振,改善了控制系统的静态和动态性能。并通过对定子电阻和转子时间常数的辨识提高了系统对参数变化的鲁棒性。
[Abstract]:The high performance vector control of induction motor has been widely used in the field of industrial control because of the speed of induction motor, the speed of torque response and the advantages of its own structure. In vector control system, flux and speed are the necessary signals to realize coordinate transformation and closed-loop control. However, the performance of the control system is affected by the assembly of speed sensors, signal transmission and environmental constraints, and the flux linkage is difficult to detect in practical applications. Therefore, speed sensorless technology has been widely used in motor control field. The speed estimation strategy of the sliding mode observer can enhance the anti-interference ability of the system to the parameter disturbance and the external adverse factors, so it has been widely used. With the combination of fractional calculus and sliding mode control, it has more adjustable degrees of freedom, which can effectively suppress the buffeting problem existing in the traditional sliding mode observer, and can improve the control performance of the system with better real-time performance and faster response speed. The main content of this paper is the research of induction motor control based on fractional sliding mode speed estimation. Combined with the advantages of sliding mode control theory and fractional calculus theory, the stator voltage and current of induction motor are used as input. A fractional sliding mode observer based on stator current observation error and fractional sliding mode control rate is designed. The flux and speed of induction motor are estimated with high accuracy, and applied to the vector control system of induction motor. In order to improve the control performance of vector control system. Finally, the influence of motor parameters on the control system is analyzed, and the stator resistance and rotor time constant of induction motor are identified by using the parameter identification method based on fractional sliding mode observer. According to the designed fractional sliding mode observer of induction motor, the speed estimation model, vector control system model, stator resistance and rotor time constant identification model are built respectively. The correctness and validity are verified on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform, and the simulation results are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that compared with the ordinary integer order sliding mode observer, the fractional order sliding mode observer has high identification accuracy for speed and flux chain and good following performance. It can effectively reduce buffeting and improve the static and dynamic performance of the control system. The robustness of the system to parameter variation is improved by identifying the stator resistance and rotor time constant.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM346

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