基于蒙特卡洛模拟与仿生算法的微电网收益优化研究

发布时间：2018-11-23 10:01

【摘要】：自从微网的概念诞生,因其具有的独特性质,受到社会各界的极大关注。微电网是相对传统大电网的一个概念,是指多个分布式电源及其相关负载按照一定的拓扑结构组成的网络。微网由风力发电、光伏发电等分布式电源、储能装置、柴油发电机以及某一区域的负荷所组成。随着微网的发展,衍伸而来的多微网系统成为一种趋势,对多微网系统的优化配置研究,具有极其重要的意义。同时,储能装置作为其中一项必不可少的模块,其可以为用户平滑负荷、提高供电可靠性、改善电能质量的特性,使得研究储能装置在系统中的经济性运行同样非常重要。首先,本文介绍了当今世界微网、多微网以及蒙特卡洛算法的研究现状及发展趋势,对多微网的经济研究进行了阐述。同时,对多微网系统的组成模块以及各类电源的基本原理与数学模型作了详细的描述和分析,为后续的研究奠定理论基础。其次,阐述了蒙特卡洛方法和果蝇优化算法的基本介绍和流程,考虑到蒙特卡洛方法模拟复杂实验过程的简便性以及果蝇优化算法鲁棒性强、计算效率高的特点。进而,本文将二者结合起来,综合利用以上特性模拟储能装置在微网系统中复杂的充放电过程以计算收益最大的问题。以储能充放电特性为约束条件、储能收益上限为目标函数,对其效益进行了分析和建模,使用现货市场电力价格数据以及储能装置的各项参数计算得出多种储能装置的收益上限。同时分析了三种具有代表性的储能装置的运行策略和经济性,结果得出在并网运行状态下铅酸蓄电池所带来的经济效益最大。再根据离网型微网特点以及储能装置自身特性,选择出适合的储能装置用于接下来离网型多微网的经济效益研究工作。然后,介绍了对蒙特卡洛的改进方法,考虑到并行蒙特卡洛已在金融、工程技术领域对于模拟计算过程中的时间指标具有优化作用的特点。故本文将第三章使用的蒙特卡洛-果蝇混合算法进行并行化处理,以解决多微网系统中各模块优化配置问题。基于可靠性与经济性指标建立多微网联络线功率控制的优化模型,在已知发电和负荷预测值数据的情况下,使用并行蒙特卡洛-果蝇混合算法计算多微网系统整体成本最小值,调节柴油发电机和联络线的容量以及控制储能装置的故障率将会使此系统更加平稳的运行供电,并且获得更大的收益以及最优配置。最后,对本文工作进行了总结并对未来的研究进行展望。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the concept of microgrid, because of its unique properties, it has received great attention from all walks of life. Microgrid is a concept in comparison with the traditional large power grid. It refers to a network composed of multiple distributed power sources and their related loads according to a certain topological structure. The microgrid consists of distributed power sources, such as wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage devices, diesel generators and loads in a certain area. With the development of microgrid, the extended multi-microgrid system has become a trend, and it is of great significance to study the optimal configuration of multi-microgrid system. At the same time, as one of the indispensable modules, the energy storage device can smooth the load, improve the reliability of power supply and improve the characteristics of power quality for users. So it is also very important to study the economical operation of energy storage device in the system. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation and development trend of microgrid, multi-microgrid and Monte Carlo algorithm in the world, and expatiates on the economic research of multi-microgrid. At the same time, the composition module of multi-microgrid system and the basic principle and mathematical model of various kinds of power supply are described and analyzed in detail, which lays a theoretical foundation for further research. Secondly, the basic introduction and flow chart of Monte Carlo method and fruit fly optimization algorithm are introduced. Considering the simplicity of Monte Carlo method to simulate complex experimental process and the characteristics of fruit fly optimization algorithm with strong robustness and high computational efficiency. Furthermore, this paper combines the above characteristics to simulate the complex charge and discharge process of the energy storage device in the microgrid system to calculate the maximum profit. Taking the charge-discharge characteristic of energy storage as the constraint condition and the upper limit of energy storage income as the objective function, the benefits are analyzed and modeled. Using the spot market electricity price data and the parameters of the energy storage unit, the income upper limit of various energy storage devices is calculated. At the same time, the operation strategy and economy of three kinds of representative energy storage devices are analyzed. The results show that the economic benefits of lead-acid batteries are the greatest under the condition of grid-connected operation. According to the characteristics of the off-grid microgrid and the energy storage device, a suitable energy storage device is selected to study the economic benefits of the off-grid multi-microgrid. Then, the improved method of Monte Carlo is introduced. Considering that the parallel Monte Carlo has the characteristics of optimizing the time index in the field of finance and engineering. In this paper, the Monte Carlo-Drosophila hybrid algorithm used in Chapter 3 is parallelized to solve the problem of optimal allocation of modules in multi-microgrid systems. Based on reliability and economic indexes, an optimization model of multi-microgrid tie-line power control is established. When the data of power generation and load forecasting are known, the parallel Monte Carlo / Drosophila hybrid algorithm is used to calculate the overall minimum cost of the multi-microgrid system. Adjusting the capacity of diesel generator and tie line and controlling the failure rate of energy storage device will make the system run more smoothly and get more profit and optimal configuration. Finally, the work of this paper is summarized and the future research is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM727

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