基于ZnO电子传输层的钙钛矿太阳电池研究
发布时间：2018-11-24 12:50
【摘要】：近年来,以有机/无机卤素铅钙钛矿(CH_3NH_3Pb IX_3,X=Cl,Br,I)为代表的钙钛矿材料成为太阳电池领域新的研究热点。该种材料具有较长的电荷扩散长度、较高的光吸收系数、合适的禁带宽度。基于此类材料的太阳电池的能量转换效率经过几年的发展从2009年的3.8%迅速攀升到目前报道的22.1%。其中,电子传输层是钙钛矿太阳电池的重要组成部分,起到收集和传输光生电子至对电极,同时阻挡空穴的作用,其性能是影响钙钛矿太阳电池光电转化效率的关键因素之一。目前常见的钙钛矿太阳电池有介孔结构和平面异质结结构两种,其中一维ZnO纳米棒薄膜由于其具有直接高效的电子传输通道、能够有效减少光生载流子的复合等优点而受到广泛关注;在平面结构电池中,目前常用的电子传输层材料有TiO_2和ZnO,然而单层的电子传输层都有其局限性,例如,TiO_2作为电子传输层,其电荷收集传输性能相对较差,ZnO的电子传输性能较佳,但ZnO层会有较多裂缝且ZnO/钙钛矿界面的载流子复合较为严重。本论文首先制备了一维ZnO纳米棒薄膜的钙钛矿太阳电池,通过调变锌源浓度和反应时间等工艺条件,获得光电性能优异的器件;然后通过使用复合的TiO_2/ZnO电子传输层结构,有效提高了电池的光电转换效率(从8.63%提升至9.87%)和短路电流。随后我们首次提出使用三层TiO_2/ZnO/C60结构的复合电子传输层,制备了FTO/TiO_2/ZnO/C_(60)/CH_3NH_3Pb I_(3-x)Cl_x/Spiro-Meo TAD/Au结构的平面异质结钙钛矿电池,解决了单层电子传输层存在的问题,有效提高了电池的开路电压,电池的光电转换效率达到18.62%,并探究了每层结构对电池光电性能的影响及其作用机制,为进一步研究钙钛矿太阳电池提供了相应的实验基础和理论支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, perovskite materials represented by organic / inorganic halogen lead perovskite (CH_3NH_3Pb IX_3,X=Cl,Br,I) have become a new research hotspot in solar cell field. The material has long charge diffusion length, high optical absorption coefficient and suitable bandgap. The energy conversion efficiency of solar cells based on this material has risen rapidly from 3.8% in 2009 to 22.1% in recent years. The electron transport layer is an important part of perovskite solar cells. It can collect and transfer photogenerated electrons to opposite electrodes and block holes. Its performance is one of the key factors that affect the photoconversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. At present, there are two kinds of perovskite solar cells: mesoporous structure and planar heterojunction structure. One-dimensional ZnO nanorods film has direct and efficient electron transmission channel. The advantages of effectively reducing photogenerated carrier recombination have attracted wide attention. In planar structure batteries, TiO_2 and ZnO, are commonly used as electron transport layer materials. However, the single layer of electron transport layer has its limitations. For example, as an electron transport layer, TiO_2 has relatively poor charge collection and transport performance. The electron transport performance of ZnO is better, but there are many cracks in ZnO layer and the carrier recombination at ZnO/ perovskite interface is more serious. The perovskite solar cells with one-dimensional ZnO nanorod thin films were prepared in this paper. The excellent optoelectronic devices were obtained by adjusting the concentration of zinc source and reaction time. Then the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (from 8.63% to 9.87%) and short-circuit current are effectively improved by using the composite TiO_2/ZnO electron transport layer structure. Then for the first time we proposed a composite electron transport layer with a three-layer TiO_2/ZnO/C60 structure. A planar heterojunction perovskite cell with FTO/TiO_2/ZnO/C_ (60) / CH_3NH_3Pb I _ (3-x) Cl_x/Spiro-Meo TAD/Au structure was prepared, which solved the problem of single layer electron transport layer. The open circuit voltage of the battery is improved effectively, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery reaches 18.62, and the influence of each layer structure on the photovoltaic performance of the battery and its mechanism are explored. It provides experimental basis and theoretical support for further study of perovskite solar cells.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4
本文编号：2353778
[Abstract]:In recent years, perovskite materials represented by organic / inorganic halogen lead perovskite (CH_3NH_3Pb IX_3,X=Cl,Br,I) have become a new research hotspot in solar cell field. The material has long charge diffusion length, high optical absorption coefficient and suitable bandgap. The energy conversion efficiency of solar cells based on this material has risen rapidly from 3.8% in 2009 to 22.1% in recent years. The electron transport layer is an important part of perovskite solar cells. It can collect and transfer photogenerated electrons to opposite electrodes and block holes. Its performance is one of the key factors that affect the photoconversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. At present, there are two kinds of perovskite solar cells: mesoporous structure and planar heterojunction structure. One-dimensional ZnO nanorods film has direct and efficient electron transmission channel. The advantages of effectively reducing photogenerated carrier recombination have attracted wide attention. In planar structure batteries, TiO_2 and ZnO, are commonly used as electron transport layer materials. However, the single layer of electron transport layer has its limitations. For example, as an electron transport layer, TiO_2 has relatively poor charge collection and transport performance. The electron transport performance of ZnO is better, but there are many cracks in ZnO layer and the carrier recombination at ZnO/ perovskite interface is more serious. The perovskite solar cells with one-dimensional ZnO nanorod thin films were prepared in this paper. The excellent optoelectronic devices were obtained by adjusting the concentration of zinc source and reaction time. Then the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (from 8.63% to 9.87%) and short-circuit current are effectively improved by using the composite TiO_2/ZnO electron transport layer structure. Then for the first time we proposed a composite electron transport layer with a three-layer TiO_2/ZnO/C60 structure. A planar heterojunction perovskite cell with FTO/TiO_2/ZnO/C_ (60) / CH_3NH_3Pb I _ (3-x) Cl_x/Spiro-Meo TAD/Au structure was prepared, which solved the problem of single layer electron transport layer. The open circuit voltage of the battery is improved effectively, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery reaches 18.62, and the influence of each layer structure on the photovoltaic performance of the battery and its mechanism are explored. It provides experimental basis and theoretical support for further study of perovskite solar cells.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM914.4
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