低温环境用树脂基非线性复合材料研究

发布时间：2018-11-24 16:55

【摘要】：电缆在电场下运行时,由于受到不均匀电场的影响,会使得介质材料表面和深层带电,电子积聚在电阻率很高的介质材料中,难以释放,严重影响了电缆的正常工作。本文研制了一种新型树脂基非线性复合材料,将硅烷偶联剂处理过的氧化锌和炭黑加入到环氧树脂基体中,对其进行改性,并对试样在常温和液氮环境进行了相关性能测试。首先提出可行的树脂配方。其次开展树脂基非线性复合材料制备工艺研究,确定出树脂基非线性复合材料制备工艺的最优设计。最后,针对不同的实验要求设计树脂基非线性复合材料的固化模具,并根据固化工艺流程制备所需的试验样品。试验结果表明:直流电导试验得知无掺杂树脂基复合材料在常温环境及液氮环境中的电导率均保持着线性关系,且几乎不随场强改变。温度对电导率随场强变化影响较大,液氮环境中电导率随场强发生变化的趋势不如常温下明显,无机填料浓度的增加,利于在电场强度较小时就出现电导非线性。雷电冲击试验得知,炭黑/环氧树脂复合材料的击穿场强随着炭黑的含量增加而递减,递减到一定程度又开始增加,最后趋于稳定;氧化锌/环氧树脂复合材料的击穿电压随着氧化锌的含量增加不会产生太大的变化。工频击穿试验得知,炭黑/环氧树脂中炭黑含量的增大,击穿场强呈现出下降的趋势;氧化锌/环氧树脂中氧化锌含量的增大,击穿场强基本维持定值。力学拉伸性能试验测得液氮环境下的力学性能优于常温环境,树脂基复合材料力学拉伸强度和弹性模量基本维持在定值。
[Abstract]:When the cable is operated under the electric field, due to the influence of the non-uniform electric field, the surface and deep layer of dielectric material will be charged, and the electrons will accumulate in the dielectric material with high resistivity, which is difficult to release, which seriously affects the normal operation of the cable. In this paper, a new type of resin matrix nonlinear composites was developed. Zinc oxide and carbon black treated by silane coupling agent were added to epoxy resin matrix, and the properties of the samples were tested at room temperature and liquid nitrogen environment. At first, the feasible formula of resin was put forward. Secondly, the preparation process of resin-based nonlinear composites was studied, and the optimum design of the preparation process of resin-based nonlinear composites was determined. Finally, the curing mould of resin matrix nonlinear composites was designed according to different experimental requirements, and the test samples were prepared according to the curing process. The results show that the conductivity of the composites is linear in normal temperature and liquid nitrogen environment, and almost does not change with the field strength. The change of conductivity with field strength in liquid nitrogen environment is not as obvious as that at normal temperature, and the increase of inorganic filler concentration is beneficial to the occurrence of conductivity nonlinearity when the electric field intensity is small. The lightning shock test shows that the breakdown field strength of carbon black / epoxy resin composites decreases with the increase of carbon black content, decreases to a certain extent, and finally tends to stabilize. The breakdown voltage of ZnO / epoxy composite does not change with the increase of ZnO content. The power frequency breakdown test shows that the breakdown field strength of carbon black / epoxy resin decreases with the increase of carbon black content, and the breakdown field strength of zinc oxide / epoxy resin increases with the increase of the content of zinc oxide / epoxy resin. The mechanical properties in liquid nitrogen environment were better than those in normal temperature, and the tensile strength and elastic modulus of resin matrix composites were maintained at a constant value.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM21

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