含有压缩空气储能的微网规划与运行控制研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 09:09

【摘要】：微网能够有效地将配电网络、分布式电源和负荷融合成一体,是能源互联网的重要组成部分。微网内存在一定比例的可再生能源时,通常需要配置储能系统以解耦波动的能量供给和刚性的能量需求,提高系统的灵活性,保证系统可靠运行。压缩空气储能具有较长的寿命周期、较快的爬坡速度和较短的启动时间,可以实现大容量和长时间的电能存储,已经成为微网储能系统中一种新的选择。本文针对压缩空气储能和微网的系统结构、数学模型、容量优化及运行控制等问题开展了以下工作：(1)研究了非补燃式压缩空气储能的系统结构及储能、释能的热力学过程。考虑到微网运行分析中最为关注储能的功率及能量状态,以压缩机、膨胀机及储气空间三个主要部件为研究对象,基于热力学分析,建立了适用于微网规划与调度问题分析的压缩空气储能精简模型。(2)针对基于既定策略优化微网容量可能造成次优解的问题,提出了一种含有压缩空气储能的独立微网容量与运行双层优化模型。上层优化模型以计及固定成本、可变成本的总成本最小为优化目标求解容量配置,下层优化模型全面考虑了备用容量、机组爬坡等系统运行约束,以包括运行成本和环境治理成本在内的可变成本最小为优化目标求解确定容量配置下的最优运行方式。与基于既定策略的配置方法对比表明,本文提出的双层优化模型能够充分计及运行方式对容量优化的影响,得到更为经济环保的配置方案。(3)针对独立微网的电压频率控制问题,计及电力电子接口微源原动机的动态特性,进行了单压频控制单元的恒压频控制(V/f控制)及多压频控制单元的下垂控制,分析了原动机响应特性对逆变器稳定运行的影响。同时,考虑到微源原动机响应速度差异较大,对传统下垂控制作出改进：微网中负荷变化时,压缩空气储能调整有功下垂系数至较低水平,随后逐渐上升,使得负荷剧烈变化时首先由响应速度较快的压缩空气储能平衡此部分波动功率,而其他可控微源逆变器输出缓慢变化以与其响应速度较慢的原动机部分相匹配。算例表明,压缩空气储能快速的响应能力对独立微网可靠、安全、持续地运行有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Microgrid is an important part of the energy Internet, which can effectively integrate distribution network, distributed power supply and load. When there is a certain proportion of renewable energy in the microgrid, it is usually necessary to configure the energy storage system to decouple the fluctuating energy supply and the rigid energy demand, improve the flexibility of the system and ensure the reliable operation of the system. Compressed air energy storage has long life cycle, fast climbing speed and short start-up time. It can realize large capacity and long time energy storage. It has become a new choice in micro-grid energy storage system. In this paper, the system structure, mathematical model, capacity optimization and operation control of compressed air energy storage and microgrid are studied as follows: (1) the system structure and energy storage of non-recombustible compressed air energy storage are studied. The thermodynamic process of energy release. Considering that the power and energy state of energy storage is the most concerned in the analysis of microgrid operation, the three main components of compressor, expander and gas storage space are taken as the research object, and based on thermodynamic analysis, A simplified model of compressed air energy storage for the analysis of microgrid planning and scheduling problem is established. (2) to solve the problem of sub-optimal solution caused by optimizing microgrid capacity based on established strategy, A bilevel optimization model for the capacity and operation of an independent microgrid with compressed air energy storage is proposed. The upper optimization model considers the fixed cost and the minimum total cost of the variable cost as the optimization objective to solve the capacity configuration. The lower optimization model takes into account the reserve capacity, the unit climbing and other system operation constraints. The optimal operation mode under capacity configuration is solved with the minimum variable cost including running cost and environmental treatment cost as the optimization objective. The comparison with the configuration method based on the established strategy shows that the two-layer optimization model proposed in this paper can fully take into account the effect of operation mode on capacity optimization. A more economical and environmentally friendly configuration scheme is obtained. (3) considering the dynamic characteristics of power electronic interface microsource prime mover for the voltage frequency control problem of independent microgrid, The constant voltage frequency control (V / F control) of single voltage frequency control unit and the droop control of multi voltage frequency control unit are carried out. The effect of the response characteristics of the prime mover on the steady operation of the inverter is analyzed. At the same time, considering that the response speed of the microsource prime mover varies greatly, the traditional droop control is improved: when the load changes in the microgrid, the compressed air energy storage adjusts the active power sag coefficient to a lower level, and then increases gradually. When the load changes dramatically, the fluctuating power is first balanced by compressed air energy storage with a faster response, while the output of other controllable microsource inverters changes slowly to match the slower response of the original part of the inverter. The example shows that the rapid response ability of compressed air energy storage is very important for the independent microgrid to operate reliably, safely and continuously.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM732

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