含故障的半直驱风电行星齿轮传动系统动力学研究

发布时间：2018-12-05 20:47

【摘要】：现代社会经济快速发展,人口迅速增长,大规模开发以化石燃料(煤炭、石油、天然气)为主的能源,使得能源储量日益减少,能源的短缺问题日益严重,环境污染也日趋严重。风力发电是绿色无污染的新型能源,并且风力发电是成熟的、具有大规模开发条件的发电方式。一般情况下,风电机组在风速风向多变、强阵风、沙尘、盐雾、高温及严寒等复杂且恶劣的环境下工作。恶劣的环境造成风电机组遭受热胀冷缩、时变载荷及突变冲击的作用,这使得风电齿轮箱的故障频率相当于一般机械设备的两倍,因此,对变载荷和齿轮系统故障动力学的研究具有重要的意义。本文以半直驱风电行星齿轮传动系统为研究对象,建立行星齿轮传动系统三维模型,获得各零部件的物理特性。建立了基于Davenport谱的风速模型。根据空气动力学的基本理论,获得风电行星齿轮箱的外部风载。通过改进能量法获取了正常齿轮的时变啮合刚度。风载作为系统的外部激励,时变啮合刚度作为系统的内部激励。建立并求解了行星齿轮传动系统的动力学模型,获得了模型的动力学响应、频谱及固有频率,从而,研究了风载对行星齿轮系统动力学特性的影响。利用能量法,模拟了不同尺寸的裂纹故障及断齿故障的齿轮时变啮合刚度,获得了故障对齿轮啮合刚度的影响。建立并求解了含不同尺寸的裂纹故障及断齿故障的行星齿轮传动系统动力学模型,获得了故障齿轮模型的动力学响应。为了进一步分析故障齿轮系统的动力学特性,利用振动信号采集的理论,对正常与含齿根裂纹故障的行星齿轮箱进行了动力学响应实验,获得了正常与故障齿轮箱的振动信号。对正常与故障齿轮振动的信号进行时域与频域的分析,对比理论仿真与实验的响应结果,验证了仿真模型的可行性及准确性。总结了含故障的行星齿轮传动的故障机理和动力学特性,为齿轮的故障诊断提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of modern society and economy, the rapid growth of population, large-scale development of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), the energy reserves are decreasing day by day, the problem of energy shortage is becoming more and more serious. Environmental pollution is also becoming more and more serious. Wind power generation is a new type of green and pollution-free energy, and wind power generation is mature and has the condition of large-scale development. Generally, wind turbines work in complex and harsh environments such as variable wind speed, strong gusts, dust, salt mist, high temperature and severe cold. The bad environment causes wind turbine to suffer from heat expansion and contraction, time-varying load and sudden shock, which makes the frequency of failure of wind power gearbox twice as frequent as that of general mechanical equipment, so, It is of great significance to study the variable load and gear system fault dynamics. Taking the planetary gear transmission system of semi-straight drive wind power as the research object, the three-dimensional model of the planetary gear transmission system is established, and the physical characteristics of the components are obtained. The wind speed model based on Davenport spectrum is established. According to the basic theory of aerodynamics, the external wind load of the planetary gearbox of wind power is obtained. The time-varying meshing stiffness of normal gears is obtained by the improved energy method. Wind load is the external excitation of the system, and the time-varying meshing stiffness is the internal excitation of the system. The dynamic model of planetary gear transmission system is established and solved, and the dynamic response, frequency spectrum and natural frequency of the model are obtained. Thus, the influence of wind load on the dynamic characteristics of planetary gear system is studied. In this paper, the time-varying meshing stiffness of gears with different sizes of crack faults and broken teeth faults is simulated by using the energy method, and the influence of the faults on the gear meshing stiffness is obtained. The dynamic model of planetary gear transmission system with crack fault and broken tooth fault of different sizes is established and solved. The dynamic response of the fault gear model is obtained. In order to further analyze the dynamic characteristics of the fault gear system, using the theory of vibration signal acquisition, the dynamic response experiments of the planetary gearbox with normal and cracked tooth root are carried out, and the vibration signals of the normal gear box and the fault gear box are obtained. The signal of normal gear vibration and fault gear vibration are analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. The feasibility and accuracy of the simulation model are verified by comparing the theoretical simulation results with the experimental results. The fault mechanism and dynamic characteristics of planetary gear transmission with fault are summarized, which provides theoretical basis for gear fault diagnosis.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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