风力机轴承磨损仿真及复合间隙下传动系统动态特性

发布时间：2018-12-12 05:33

【摘要】：由于全球经济的快速发展,石油、煤炭等不可再生资源逐渐消耗殆尽,风能作为可再生资源,一定程度上能够满足我国的能源需求,因此风力发电机也越来越受到能源界的关注。随着风力发电机的单机功率越来越大,塔架越来越高,其柔性特性更加明显,而且风力发电机的运输、检测维修的成本越来越昂贵,风力发电机必须保证长时间无故障安全运行。轴承作为关键零部件,在齿轮箱传动系统中出现的故障比较频繁,而且其结构特性严重影响着齿轮箱传动系统的动态特性。因此探讨风力机传动系统在柔性支承下的动态特性具有重要的意义。本课题以复合间隙下风力机齿轮箱传动系统为研究对象,围绕柔性支承下风力机传动系统动态特性进行研究,主要研究方法和结论如下:首先,考虑轴承的刚度和阻尼的因素,结合柔性多体动力学理论建立了风力发电机传动系统的数学模型。分析齿轮箱内外部激励的产生机理和计算方法,并且将方程组简化成统一的矩阵形式。其次,建立轴承运动学模型和磨损数值仿真模型,考虑油膜厚度因素优化接触半宽参数,实例求解风力机轴承磨损量的大小,发现轴承的外圈磨损最为严重。最后,考虑了轴承间隙和齿轮齿测间隙的因素影响,建立了复合间隙下风力机齿轮箱传动系统数学模型,运用Simulink系统模块分析计算了齿轮箱传动系统各部件的振动位移,并且比较了各部件的动态特性,对比了有无间隙时的传动系统中速轴齿轮和轴承的振动位移差别。发现在同一振动方向上,齿轮的振动幅值大于轴承的振动幅值,各部件都有自己的固有振动频率,无间隙的振动幅值小于有间隙的振动幅值。所得结论对于风力发电机传动系统动态特性的设计提供了一定的参考。
[Abstract]:Due to the rapid development of the global economy, non-renewable resources such as oil, coal and so on are gradually depleted. Wind energy, as a renewable resource, can to some extent meet the energy demand of our country. As a result, wind turbines are getting more and more attention from the energy sector. As the power of the wind turbine becomes more and more powerful, the tower becomes higher and higher, the flexibility of the wind turbine becomes more and more obvious, and the cost of detecting and maintaining the wind turbine is becoming more and more expensive. Wind turbines must be operated safely for a long time without fault. As a key component, the bearing frequently occurs in the gearbox transmission system, and its structural characteristics seriously affect the dynamic characteristics of the gearbox transmission system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine transmission system under flexible support. This paper takes the gearbox transmission system of wind turbine with composite clearance as the research object, and studies the dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine transmission system under flexible support. The main research methods and conclusions are as follows: firstly, the factors of bearing stiffness and damping are considered. The mathematical model of wind turbine transmission system is established based on flexible multi-body dynamics theory. The generation mechanism and calculation method of the internal and external excitations in the gearbox are analyzed, and the equations are simplified into a unified matrix form. Secondly, the bearing kinematics model and wear numerical simulation model are established. Considering the oil film thickness factor, the contact half-width parameter is optimized, and the magnitude of bearing wear is solved by an example. It is found that the outer ring wear of the bearing is the most serious. Finally, considering the influence of bearing clearance and gear-tooth measuring clearance, the mathematical model of gearbox transmission system of wind turbine under composite clearance is established, and the vibration displacement of various parts of gearbox transmission system is analyzed and calculated by using Simulink system module. The dynamic characteristics of each component are compared, and the difference of vibration displacement between gear and bearing in transmission system with or without clearance is compared. It is found that in the same vibration direction, the vibration amplitude of the gear is larger than that of the bearing, and each component has its own natural vibration frequency, and the vibration amplitude without clearance is smaller than the vibration amplitude with clearance. The conclusion provides a reference for the design of the dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine transmission system.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

【参考文献】