永磁同步电机无速度传感器的矢量控制研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 10:18

【摘要】：早在二十世纪五十年代,就有人在生产生活中应用永磁同步电机,但是由于当时的诸多技术限制导致其应用范围很小,难以进行推广使用。随着现代电力电子技术的逐步提高,永磁同步电机得以逐步发挥它结构简单、利用效率高等诸多特点,而人们对电机控制精度要求的逐步提高也使永磁同步电机的优势得到进-步凸显,应用范围也逐步拓宽。目前,永磁同步电机广泛应用于机械设备、航空航天、电梯、家用电器、航海等领域,其高功率、高转速、高力矩、高效率、质轻的特点对节能环保、高效高质量服务等方面具有很大的推动作用,这也是永磁同步电机的发展趋势。永磁同步电机传统的控制方式是采用速度传感器实时监测电机的速度和位置,而后作为反馈参与运算控制。然而这种控制方式也存在许多问题,速度传感器的存在增加了制造和维护成本,此外速度传感器的安装不当也会对监测精度产生较大影响。为了减少制造和维护成本,人们对永磁电机的控制策略提出了新的要求,此时,基于无速度传感器的矢量控制策略成为近些年来电机控制研究的热点,多种无速算法应运而生,使得永磁同步电机控制领域达到了一个新的高度。本文对永磁同步电机矢量控制技术下的无速度传感器算法进行了深入研究和探讨,对适用于中高速调速环境下的三种常用算法：反电动势算法、滑模观测器算法以及模型参考自适应算法进行了MATLAB仿真对比,分析个中优劣,为适应不同的控制要求和应用场合选择适当方法提供一定的帮助,并设计了一种适用于洗衣机应用的永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制方案,可以实现从低速至高速的平滑调速,并具备带载启动、突加负载和带载正反转的能力,实验结果表明本文所述的设计方案可以很好的在洗衣机平台中实现永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制的应用,并取得了良好的应用效果。此外,为解决实验中遇到的一些问题,本文也对永磁同步电机的参数辨识和转子位置定向等问题进行了学习研究,得到了一些妥善的解决办法,并在控制方案中加以应用,在实验中达到了更好的控制效果,具备一定的实用价值。
[Abstract]:As early as 1950s, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was used in production and daily life. However, due to many technical limitations at that time, its application scope was very small, so it was difficult to be popularized. With the development of modern power electronics technology, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has many advantages, such as simple structure and high efficiency. The improvement of the control precision of PMSM makes the advantages of PMSM stand out and the application scope is widened gradually. At present, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in mechanical equipment, aerospace, elevator, household appliances, navigation and other fields. It is characterized by high power, high speed, high torque, high efficiency and light weight. High-efficiency and high-quality service plays a very important role in the development of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The traditional control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is to use speed sensor to monitor the speed and position of the motor in real time, and then to participate in the control as feedback. However, there are many problems in this control mode. The existence of speed sensors increases the cost of manufacturing and maintenance, and the improper installation of speed sensors will also have a great impact on the monitoring accuracy. In order to reduce the cost of manufacturing and maintenance, new requirements have been put forward for the control strategy of permanent magnet motor. In this case, the speed sensorless vector control strategy has become the focus of motor control research in recent years, and a variety of speed-free algorithms have emerged as the times require. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control field has reached a new height. In this paper, the speed sensorless algorithm of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) vector control technology is deeply studied and discussed. The sliding mode observer algorithm and the model reference adaptive algorithm are compared by MATLAB simulation, and the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. A speed sensorless control scheme of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) suitable for washing machine application is designed, which can realize smooth speed regulation from low speed to high speed, and has the ability of starting with load, adding load suddenly and turning positive and backward with load. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can be applied to the PMSM speed sensorless control in the washing machine platform, and good results have been obtained. In addition, in order to solve some problems encountered in the experiment, the paper also studies the problems of parameter identification and rotor position orientation of PMSM, and obtains some proper solutions, which are applied in the control scheme. Better control effect has been achieved in the experiment, which has certain practical value.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM341

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