10kW垂直轴永磁直驱式风力发电系统研究
发布时间：2018-12-14 06:44
【摘要】：随着全球能源需求的日益增长,能源危机问题越来越突出,更多的学者开始关注新能源。风力发电作为新能源的一个重要分支,其研究和使用是改善能源结构的有效途径之一。相对于水平轴风机,垂直轴风机(vertical axis wind turbine,VAWT)在城市风电和偏远地区风电系统中具有明显的优势,近年来发展迅速。因此研究以垂直轴风机为基础的小型风力发电系统具有重要的现实意义。垂直轴风机工作原理的分析是研究风力发电的基础。本文对H型风机的叶片在四象限中做了受力分析,得到风机在升力作用下的做功原理;然后选择与10kW垂直轴风机相匹配的永磁同步发电机作为电能转换装置,并建立了永磁同步电机的仿真模型。本文的主电路采用两级式拓扑结构。前级为Boost升压电路,后级为单相LCL型并网逆变器。前级Boost电路起到最大功率跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)和升压的目的,最大功率跟踪通过控制Boost电感电流实现。为此,本文建立了 Boost电路电感电流对占空比的小信号模型,并设计了控制器参数。并网逆变器的控制策略及控制器参数直接决定着风力发电系统的并网性能。本文选择带LCL滤波器的单相并网逆变器拓扑结构,LCL滤波器存在谐振问题,谐振峰出现在穿越频率处使系统无法稳定,因此需要引入针对谐振峰的阻尼控制。在不考虑控制延迟的情况下,本文分析了有源阻尼控制时系统的稳定性并设计了控制器参数,在并网逆变器仿真模型中对所设计的控制系统进行了验证。考虑到实际系统中存在数字控制延迟,对于快速性要求很高的并网电流环,微小的延迟都能给系统的动、稳态性能带来很大的影响。因此本文在离散域中建立了带有控制延迟的并网逆变器模型,并分析了有源阻尼控制系统的稳定性。通过对带有延迟环节的开环Bode图分析,发现引入延迟环节后,系统的谐振频率与穿越频率不再重合,谐振峰使系统不稳定的结论不再成立。因此,本文提出一种无阻尼控制策略,并采用Bode图判稳的方式推导出可以采用无阻尼控制策略的充要条件,进一步给出了控制器参数的设计步骤和仿真结果。本文搭建了一台10kW风力发电系统实验平台。在实验平台上分别做了不同功率等级的实验,通过实验验证了本文所提出的无阻尼控制策略的可行性和控制器参数设计方法的有效性,将理论分析与实践验证有机统一,为单相LCL型并网逆变器控制策略与控制器参数的设计提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing global energy demand, the problem of energy crisis is becoming more and more prominent, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to new energy. Wind power generation as an important branch of new energy, its research and use is one of the effective ways to improve the energy structure. Compared with horizontal shaft fan, vertical shaft fan (vertical axis wind turbine,VAWT) has obvious advantages in urban wind power system and remote area wind power system, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the small wind power generation system based on vertical axis fan. The analysis of the working principle of vertical axis fan is the basis of wind power generation. In this paper, the force of the blade of H type fan in the four quadrant is analyzed, and the work principle of the fan under the action of lift is obtained. Then the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), which matches the 10kW vertical axis fan, is selected as the power conversion device, and the simulation model of PMSM is established. The main circuit of this paper adopts two-stage topology. The former stage is Boost boost circuit, the latter stage is single phase LCL grid-connected inverter. The front stage Boost circuit has the purpose of maximum power tracking (maximum power point tracking,MPPT) and boost voltage. The maximum power tracking is realized by controlling the inductance current of Boost. In this paper, a small signal model of the duty cycle ratio of inductor current in Boost circuit is established, and the controller parameters are designed. The control strategy and controller parameters of grid-connected inverter directly determine the grid-connected performance of wind power system. The topology of single-phase grid-connected inverter with LCL filter is selected in this paper. The LCL filter has resonance problem and the resonance peak appears at the crossing frequency which makes the system unstable. Therefore the damping control for the resonant peak is needed. Without considering the control delay, the stability of the active damping control system is analyzed and the controller parameters are designed. The designed control system is verified in the grid-connected inverter simulation model. Considering the existence of digital control delay in the real system, for the grid-connected current loop with high speed requirement, the small delay can greatly affect the dynamic and steady performance of the system. In this paper, a grid-connected inverter model with control delay is established in discrete domain, and the stability of active damping control system is analyzed. By analyzing the open loop Bode diagram with delay link, it is found that the resonant frequency of the system is no longer overlapped with the crossing frequency after the delay link is introduced, and the conclusion that the resonance peak is unstable is no longer valid. Therefore, an undamped control strategy is proposed in this paper, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for undamped control strategy are derived by using Bode diagram, and the design steps and simulation results of controller parameters are given. In this paper, an experimental platform of 10kW wind power generation system is built. Experiments of different power levels are made on the experimental platform. The feasibility of the proposed undamped control strategy and the effectiveness of the controller parameter design method are verified by experiments. The theoretical analysis and practical verification are organically unified. It provides a reference for the control strategy and controller parameter design of single phase LCL grid-connected inverter.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM614
[Abstract]:With the increasing global energy demand, the problem of energy crisis is becoming more and more prominent, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to new energy. Wind power generation as an important branch of new energy, its research and use is one of the effective ways to improve the energy structure. Compared with horizontal shaft fan, vertical shaft fan (vertical axis wind turbine,VAWT) has obvious advantages in urban wind power system and remote area wind power system, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the small wind power generation system based on vertical axis fan. The analysis of the working principle of vertical axis fan is the basis of wind power generation. In this paper, the force of the blade of H type fan in the four quadrant is analyzed, and the work principle of the fan under the action of lift is obtained. Then the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), which matches the 10kW vertical axis fan, is selected as the power conversion device, and the simulation model of PMSM is established. The main circuit of this paper adopts two-stage topology. The former stage is Boost boost circuit, the latter stage is single phase LCL grid-connected inverter. The front stage Boost circuit has the purpose of maximum power tracking (maximum power point tracking,MPPT) and boost voltage. The maximum power tracking is realized by controlling the inductance current of Boost. In this paper, a small signal model of the duty cycle ratio of inductor current in Boost circuit is established, and the controller parameters are designed. The control strategy and controller parameters of grid-connected inverter directly determine the grid-connected performance of wind power system. The topology of single-phase grid-connected inverter with LCL filter is selected in this paper. The LCL filter has resonance problem and the resonance peak appears at the crossing frequency which makes the system unstable. Therefore the damping control for the resonant peak is needed. Without considering the control delay, the stability of the active damping control system is analyzed and the controller parameters are designed. The designed control system is verified in the grid-connected inverter simulation model. Considering the existence of digital control delay in the real system, for the grid-connected current loop with high speed requirement, the small delay can greatly affect the dynamic and steady performance of the system. In this paper, a grid-connected inverter model with control delay is established in discrete domain, and the stability of active damping control system is analyzed. By analyzing the open loop Bode diagram with delay link, it is found that the resonant frequency of the system is no longer overlapped with the crossing frequency after the delay link is introduced, and the conclusion that the resonance peak is unstable is no longer valid. Therefore, an undamped control strategy is proposed in this paper, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for undamped control strategy are derived by using Bode diagram, and the design steps and simulation results of controller parameters are given. In this paper, an experimental platform of 10kW wind power generation system is built. Experiments of different power levels are made on the experimental platform. The feasibility of the proposed undamped control strategy and the effectiveness of the controller parameter design method are verified by experiments. The theoretical analysis and practical verification are organically unified. It provides a reference for the control strategy and controller parameter design of single phase LCL grid-connected inverter.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM614
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