电动汽车用PMSM无传感器控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-12-24 06:55

【摘要】：面对能源和环境的双重危机,研发高性能电动汽车成为汽车制造业的发展目标。电动汽车的核心部分是电力驱动系统,永磁同步电机以其优良的控制特性成为驱动电机的首选。在高性能调速系统中,大都选用传感器检测转速和转子位置信息。为了增强电动汽车驱动系统的适应性以及降低驱动系统的成本,利用定子电压和电流辨识永磁电机的转速信息。采用基于模型参考自适应(MRAS)的转速辨识系统来检测永磁电机的转速信息,从而设计电动汽车无传感器的驱动系统。首先,分析了永磁电机的数学模型,并采用矢量控制作为驱动系统的控制策略。为了加快驱动系统的响应速度,提出利用电压前馈型电流控制器对交直轴电流进行解耦控制,并对驱动系统进行仿真分析。其次,阐述基于MRAS的转速辨识的原理,根据MRAS的原理和自适应律的设计要求,利用波波夫(Popov)超稳定理论设计出理想的自适应律,并在多种工况下对该仿真模型进行分析。然后针对该辨识算法在检测转速和转子位置过程中遇到的问题,如温升会引起电机参数变化,设计了改进的MRAS算法,增加了定子电阻的辨识过程,以此来提高转速辨识的准确度。最后,建立基于MRAS的无传感器控制系统仿真模型,针对电动汽车驱动系统的特点对其在空载、负载突变以及转速突变等工况下进行仿真分析。根据仿真实验得出的转速和转子位置对比波形,表明基于MRAS转速辨识系统的控制特性比较理想,说明了该辨识算法的有效性,能够满足电动汽车的实际要求。
[Abstract]:Facing the dual crisis of energy and environment, the research and development of high performance electric vehicle has become the development goal of automobile manufacturing industry. The core part of electric vehicle is electric drive system. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the first choice for driving motor because of its excellent control characteristics. In high-performance speed regulation system, sensors are used to detect speed and rotor position information. In order to enhance the adaptability of electric vehicle drive system and reduce the cost of drive system, stator voltage and current are used to identify the speed information of permanent magnet motor. The speed identification system based on model reference adaptive (MRAS) is used to detect the speed information of permanent magnet motor and the sensorless drive system of electric vehicle is designed. Firstly, the mathematical model of permanent magnet motor is analyzed, and vector control is used as the control strategy of drive system. In order to speed up the response speed of the drive system, a voltage feedforward current controller is proposed to decouple the AC axis current, and the driving system is simulated and analyzed. Secondly, the principle of speed identification based on MRAS is expounded. According to the principle of MRAS and the design requirements of adaptive law, the ideal adaptive law is designed by using Popov's (Popov) hyperstability theory, and the simulation model is analyzed under various operating conditions. Then, aiming at the problems encountered in the detection of rotor speed and rotor position, such as the change of motor parameters caused by temperature rise, an improved MRAS algorithm is designed to increase the identification process of stator resistance. In order to improve the accuracy of speed identification. Finally, the simulation model of sensorless control system based on MRAS is established. According to the characteristics of the driving system of electric vehicle, the simulation analysis is carried out under the condition of no-load, sudden change of load and sudden change of rotational speed. According to the contrasting waveform of speed and rotor position obtained from simulation experiment, the control characteristic of the speed identification system based on MRAS is satisfactory, which shows that the identification algorithm is effective and can meet the practical requirements of electric vehicle.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72

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