高压输电线路行波法故障测距及无人机清障装置研究

发布时间：2019-01-07 11:13

【摘要】：高压输电线路是国家电网公司为实现远距离供电,对电能进行合理分配而建设的设备,高压输电线路穿越的距离长、地域广,承载的电能容量大,一旦发生故障,会产生巨大的经济损失。本论文主要从两个方面论述了对高压线路发生故障所采取的措施,第一是发现故障点,即故障点精准定位的方法的研究;第二是清除一般故障,如塑料薄膜、风筝、热气球、树枝等易燃异物进行清理,故研制了一种无人机清障装置,然后将故障点精准定位的结果转化为GPS经纬度坐标传输给无人机的GPS系统做精确悬停,能通过无人机自动找到故障点,然后用无人机所带的喷火装置将异物清除干净。为了提高电力系统运行的安全性、经济性和可靠性,减轻电力工人体力劳动强度和提高其工作效率,故本文在广泛阅读国内外文献和资料的基础上,进行了以下研究:简要介绍了论文研究课题的背景,分析了各种精准故障定位的方法,对现有的多种故障测距方法展开研究,并在此基础上深入研究了行波法故障测距,重点研究了行波法故障测距的常用的单端法、双端法,分析这两种方法,并选择本论文所要采取的方法。然后进一步研究小波理论,重点研究了离散小波变换、连续小波变换、小波基的特征分析,最终找到暂态保护中小波基的选择原则。最后应用电磁暂态仿真软件ATPDraw对输电线路单相短路故障建立仿真模型,并得到仿真数据,通过MATLAB软件编写程序,对得到的仿真波形进行小波变换,运用模极大值法,最终计算出故障点的距离。并且通过变换过渡电阻大小和故障点短路相角大小,进行横向和纵向数据对比,得到过渡电阻和故障点短路相角大小并不能对行波法故障测距产生影响的结论。论文第二部分首先确立了研制无人机清障装置的课题,然后分别介绍了无人机巡检的优势,并通过市场上大部分无人机进行认真遴选,最终选择大疆S1000+八旋翼无人机作为整个装置的底座。然后对清障装置的形状、材料、燃料列举方案,应用头脑风暴法,讨论决定选用的最优方案。最后从市场上采购制作材料和工具,最终制作成功了无人机清障装置,完成了既定目标。并将前篇中故障精准定位的结果通过在PMS系统中设备位置搜寻故障点GPS坐标,然后把故障点坐标输入无人机中,使得无人机能够精准悬停于故障点附近,准确找到故障点,并通过调节无人机位置,准确喷火,将障碍物清除掉。应用效果十分良好,具有较强的实用价值,减轻了电力工人的工作负担,提高了工作效率,具有很好的经济效益。本论文不仅研究了高压输电线路故障测距的方法,而且研制了新的作业工具,清除导线上的异物,对新方法、新工具进行了深入的探索。
[Abstract]:High voltage transmission line is a kind of equipment built by State Grid Company to realize long-distance power supply and reasonable distribution of electric energy. High voltage transmission line passes through long distance, wide area, large carrying capacity of electric energy, and once failure occurs, There will be huge economic losses. This paper mainly discusses the measures taken to the fault of high voltage transmission line from two aspects. The first is to find fault point, that is, the research of accurate location method of fault point; The second is to clean up common problems, such as plastic film, kite, hot air balloon, branch and other flammable foreign objects, so a kind of UAV obstacle clearing device has been developed. Then the results of accurate location of fault points are transformed into GPS coordinates of longitude and latitude to be transferred to the GPS system of UAV for accurate hovering, which can automatically find fault points through UAV, and then the foreign body can be cleaned up with the fire spraying device brought by UAV. In order to improve the safety, economy and reliability of electric power system, reduce the intensity of manual labor and improve the working efficiency of electric power workers, this paper is based on the extensive reading of domestic and foreign literature and materials. The following studies are carried out: the background of the thesis is briefly introduced, various methods of accurate fault location are analyzed, and various existing fault location methods are studied, and on this basis, the traveling wave fault location method is deeply studied. In this paper, the common methods of traveling wave method for fault location are studied, which are single end method and double end method, and the two methods are analyzed, and the methods to be adopted in this paper are selected. Then the wavelet theory is further studied, and the characteristic analysis of discrete wavelet transform, continuous wavelet transform and wavelet base is emphasized. Finally, the selection principle of wavelet base in transient protection is found. Finally, the simulation model of single-phase short-circuit fault of transmission line is established by using electromagnetic transient simulation software ATPDraw, and the simulation data are obtained. The simulation waveform is transformed by wavelet transform through MATLAB software, and the modulus maximum method is used. Finally, the distance of fault point is calculated. By changing the transition resistance and the fault point short circuit phase angle and comparing the horizontal and longitudinal data, it is concluded that the transition resistance and the fault point short circuit phase angle can not affect the fault location of traveling wave method. In the second part of the paper, the task of developing UAV obstacle clearing device is established, and then the advantages of UAV patrol and inspection are introduced, and the UAV is carefully selected through most of the UAVs in the market. Finally, the S 1000 8 rotor UAV is chosen as the base of the whole device. Then, the shape, material and fuel of the barrier cleaning device are listed, and the optimal scheme is discussed by using the brainstorming method. Finally, the materials and tools are purchased from the market, and the UAV obstacle removal device is made successfully. The result of fault location in the previous paper is searched for fault point GPS coordinate in PMS system, and then the fault point coordinate is input into the UAV, so that the UAV can hover accurately near the fault point and find the fault point accurately. And by adjusting the position of UAV, accurate fire spray, remove obstacles. The application effect is very good, has the strong practical value, lightens the electric power worker's work burden, improves the working efficiency, has the very good economic benefit. In this paper, not only the fault location method of HV transmission line is studied, but also a new working tool is developed to remove the foreign body on the wire, and the new method and the new tool are deeply explored.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM75

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