电池柔性成组储能系统监控平台和系统控制

发布时间：2019-01-10 21:18

【摘要】：近年来,风能、太阳能等新能源发电在我国电力系统中所占的比例逐渐上升,与之相应的电池储能系统也引起了广泛关注。在传统锂离子电池储能系统中,需要将大量单体电池串并联成组后连接到变流器。当电池组中各个单体容量、内阻等参数存在的不一致时,将导致单体之间在使用过程中互相制约,电池组的能量利用率大幅度降低。针对这一问题本文深入研究了电池柔性成组技术,即将含上百只单体串联的电池组分成多个低电压电池模块,并利用多电平变换器柔性成组以提高储能系统使用寿命和电池整体能量利用率。其中重点针对柔性成组储能系统的基本原理、系统控制及监控平台展开了相关研究。首先,分析了传统电池成组存在的问题及其原因,引出了电池柔性成组概念,论述了其原理和技术特点,阐述了柔性成组储能系统构成,并对可应用于电池柔性成组的不同变流器拓扑结构进行了对比分析,最终选择H桥级联型储能变流器作为本文的主电路拓扑。在前文基础上,对基于电池柔性成组技术的储能变流器的系统控制进行了深入研究,先从调制策略、基础控制策略层面进行了阐述,而后重点分析了柔性成组储能系统的均衡控制策略。分别从相间均衡和相内均衡角度论述了 SOC均衡以及电压均衡两种系统均衡控制策略,并结合当前退运电池梯次利用于储能系统的研究背景,提出了基于不同容量电池模块的SOC均衡控制策略。本文还搭建了柔性成组储能系统的监控平台,上位机人机交互界面选用NI公司的LabVIEW开发环境来设计,在充分利用实验室现有设备条件的前提下,结合CAN通信和TCP通信技术,实现对3相共24个电池模块的联合实时监控。每个电池模块监控程序都采用模块化设计,包括了实时显示、实时存储、数据收发、数据处理、数据实时动态调用等核心模块,并给出了系统监控平台运行结果。最后,本文给出了柔性成组储能系统的调制策略、基础控制策略以及系统均衡控制,包括SOC均衡、电压均衡以及基于不同容量电池的均衡控制策略的仿真分析,并在实验室的柔性成组储能系统样机上对SOC均衡控制和电压均衡控制进行了实验验证和波形分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the proportion of new energy generation, such as wind energy and solar energy, has gradually increased in China's power system, and the corresponding battery energy storage system has also attracted wide attention. In the traditional Li-ion battery energy storage system, a large number of single-cell batteries need to be serially connected to the converter. When the cell capacity, internal resistance and other parameters in the battery pack are inconsistent, it will lead to the mutual restriction of each other in the process of use, and the energy utilization ratio of the battery pack will be greatly reduced. In order to solve this problem, the flexible battery group technology is deeply studied in this paper, that is, the battery pack with hundreds of monomers in series is divided into several low-voltage battery modules. The multilevel converters are flexible to improve the service life of the energy storage system and the overall energy efficiency of the battery. This paper focuses on the basic principle of flexible group energy storage system, system control and monitoring platform. Firstly, this paper analyzes the problems and causes of traditional battery grouping, introduces the concept of flexible battery grouping, discusses its principle and technical characteristics, and expounds the composition of flexible group energy storage system. The topology of different converters which can be used in flexible groups of batteries is compared and analyzed. Finally, H-bridge cascaded energy storage converter is chosen as the main circuit topology in this paper. On the basis of the above, the system control of the energy storage converter based on the flexible group technology of battery is studied in depth. Firstly, the modulation strategy and the basic control strategy are described. Then the equilibrium control strategy of flexible group energy storage system is analyzed. From the angle of interphase equalization and intra-phase equalization, the equalization control strategies of SOC equalization and voltage equalization are discussed, and combined with the research background of the current retrograde battery ladder used in energy storage system. A SOC equalization control strategy based on different capacity battery modules is proposed. The monitoring platform of flexible group energy storage system is also built in this paper. The man-machine interface of the host computer is designed by using the LabVIEW development environment of NI Company. Under the premise of making full use of the existing equipment in the laboratory, the paper combines the CAN communication and TCP communication technology. Realize the joint real-time monitoring of 24 battery modules in 3-phase. Each battery module monitoring program is designed by modularization, including real-time display, real-time storage, data transceiver, data processing, real-time data dynamic call and so on. The results of the system monitoring platform are given. Finally, this paper presents the modulation strategy, basic control strategy and system equalization control of flexible group energy storage system, including SOC equalization, voltage equalization and simulation analysis of equalization control strategy based on different capacity battery. The SOC equalization control and voltage equalization control are tested and analyzed on the prototype of the flexible group energy storage system in the laboratory.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912;TM46

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