永磁同步电机驱动系统高功率因数控制技术研究

发布时间：2019-01-22 09:40

【摘要】：随着国家大力推进绿色可持续发展,永磁同步电机(PMSM)以其体积小、高效率、结构简单等特点,已愈来愈广泛应用于工业、交通、家用电器等领域。本文以空调压缩机用永磁同步电机为背景,为满足空调系统低成本、轻量化等方面要求,并针对传统变频空调系统中机械式位置传感器在高温、高腐蚀环境下使用困难以及网侧功率因数低、谐波严重等问题,对PMSM无位置传感器控制技术及无电解电容高功率因数控制策略进行了深入研究。首先,根据永磁同步电机的结构特点推导了不同坐标系下的数学模型,并结合矢量方程及空间矢量脉宽调制研究了永磁同步电机相关矢量控制方案。分析了各环节PI控制器的参数整定方法,搭建了PMSM矢量控制系统的仿真模型并对控制性能进行了验证。针对传统位置传感器较大体积、较高成本以及易受到恶劣环境影响可靠性较低等问题,设计了一种基于改进滑模观测器的无位置传感器技术。通过采用可变边界层厚度的饱和函数及锁相环来减少传统方法中的抖振问题,仿真验证了改进算法良好的鲁棒性与动态响应能力。同时,针对启动及低速下无传感器控制位置角观测误差的问题,详细分析了高频信号注入法与IF开环启动策略,结合相应空调永磁同步电机的运行特性及控制需求,探讨了电机运行的最优控制方案。目前驱动系统中采用的电解电容寿命短、可靠性差且系统网侧功率因数低,而额外PFC电路增加了系统的体积成本以及损耗。本文在无位置传感器控制的基础上进一步研究了无电解电容高功率因数的控制策略。分析了无电解电容拓扑下系统输入功率因数与母线电压脉动的关系,并给出了系统获取高功率因数的条件。从系统功率的角度分析,研究了基于功率调节的无电解电容控制策略,提出了基于母线电压调节的功率补偿方案以及基于功率平衡的过调制策略。仿真结果表明该算法能够实现网侧较高的功率因数及低谐波含量。最后,搭建了实验平台完成了永磁同步电机无位置传感器及无电解电容控制算法的验证。通过现场实验表明,本文提出的控制策略实现了系统低成本、高功率因数的预期效果,具有较高的实际运用价值。
[Abstract]:With the development of green and sustainable development, PMSM (permanent Magnet synchronous Motor) (PMSM) has been widely used in many fields such as industry, transportation, household appliances and so on, because of its small size, high efficiency, simple structure and so on. In this paper, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) used in air conditioning compressor is used as the background. In order to meet the requirements of low cost and light weight of air conditioning system, and aiming at the high temperature of the mechanical position sensor in the traditional frequency conversion air conditioning system, It is difficult to use in high corrosion environment, low power factor and serious harmonics on the grid side. The PMSM positionless sensorless control technology and the high power factor control strategy without electrolytic capacitance are deeply studied. Firstly, according to the structure characteristics of PMSM, the mathematical models of PMSM in different coordinate systems are derived, and the correlative vector control scheme of PMSM is studied by combining vector equation and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The parameter tuning method of each link PI controller is analyzed, the simulation model of PMSM vector control system is built and the control performance is verified. In order to solve the problems of large volume, high cost and low reliability of traditional position sensor, which is easily affected by bad environment, a position sensorless technology based on improved sliding mode observer is designed. By using saturation function of variable boundary layer thickness and phase-locked loop to reduce buffeting problem in traditional methods, simulation results show that the improved algorithm has good robustness and dynamic response ability. At the same time, aiming at the error of sensorless control position angle observation at startup and low speed, the high frequency signal injection method and IF open-loop startup strategy are analyzed in detail, and the operation characteristics and control requirements of the corresponding air-conditioned permanent magnet synchronous motor are combined. The optimal control scheme of motor operation is discussed. At present, the electrolytic capacitance used in the drive system has short life, low reliability and low power factor on the network side of the system, while the extra PFC circuit increases the volume cost and loss of the system. In this paper, the control strategy of high power factor without electrolytic capacitance is further studied on the basis of position sensorless control. The relationship between input power factor and bus voltage pulsation under the topology of electrolytic capacitance is analyzed, and the conditions for obtaining high power factor are given. From the point of view of system power, the non-electrolytic capacitor control strategy based on power regulation is studied, and the power compensation scheme based on bus voltage regulation and the over-modulation strategy based on power balance are proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve high power factor and low harmonic content. Finally, the experiment platform is built to verify the sensorless and electrolytic capacitance control algorithm of PMSM. Field experiments show that the proposed control strategy can achieve the expected effect of low cost and high power factor, and has high practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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