永磁交流伺服电机弱磁控制的分析与探究

发布时间：2019-04-01 19:00

【摘要】：高性能永磁交流伺服电机广泛应用于航空航天、装备制造、军用与民用工业等领域。为了拓展其转速运行范围,增大高速运行时的功率密度,本文针对永磁交流伺服电机的弱磁特性进行深入研究,对影响电机弱磁性能的相关参数进行了仿真优化,提出了弱磁控制实现方法,在此基础上设计一台永磁交流伺服电机,完成驱动控制系统硬件设计,编译了弱磁控制程序,给出了实验验证结果。针对表贴式与内置式两种典型永磁转子结构,对永磁交流伺服电机电压极限曲线中心在电流极限圆内、外的两种情况,全面深入的分析了该类电机的弱磁控制特性,推导出了从零转速经弱磁基速(额定转速)至弱磁最高转速的全范围机械与功率特性曲线,得出了最大功率和最大转矩点以及最大可能的弱磁范围。对影响弱磁性能的电机参数,在“V”型转子结构下提出了如何选取永磁体材料和设计永磁磁路的方法。运用ANSYS MAXWELL有限元软件对电机极弧因数、漏磁因数、反电势幅值与气隙磁密波形进行了仿真优化。使用ANSYS Workbench有限元软件分析电机在电流极限圆上调速运行时温度分布,验证了所设计的电机温升分布满足国家标准。设计了弱磁驱动控制系统的控制与驱动电路,并进行了传感器的分析与选取,给出了弱磁控制算法与实现方法,编写了主程序、PWM中断程序、外部定时器中断程序、位置检测程序以及弱磁控制等多个软件程序.设计并试制了一台转子采用“V”型结构,额定功率12kW,额定转矩36N m,8极12槽分数槽集中绕组永磁交流伺服电机及驱动控制系统。实验结果证明:电机的性能指标与弱磁运行特性与理论推导一致,满足设计要求,并进行电机温升实验,其结果符合相关国家标准规定。本文提出的方法与讨论分析对具有弱磁控制功能的永磁交流伺服电机及驱动控制技术的分析、研究与设计等具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:High performance permanent magnet AC servo motor is widely used in aerospace, equipment manufacturing, military and civil industries. In order to expand the operating range of the motor speed and increase the power density at high speed, this paper makes a deep study on the magnetic weakening characteristics of permanent magnet AC servo motor, and optimizes the related parameters which affect the performance of the permanent magnet AC servo motor. On the basis of this, a permanent magnet AC servo motor is designed, the hardware design of the drive control system is completed, the weak magnetic control program is compiled, and the experimental verification results are given. Aiming at the two typical permanent magnet rotor structures, the voltage limit curve center of the permanent magnet AC servo motor is in the current limit circle, and the weak magnetic control characteristic of the permanent magnet AC servo motor is analyzed thoroughly and deeply, which is the center of the voltage limit curve of the permanent magnet AC servo motor in the inside and outside of the current limit circle. The whole range of mechanical and power characteristic curves from zero speed through weak magnetic base speed (rated speed) to maximum magnetic speed is derived. The maximum power and maximum torque point as well as the maximum possible magnetic weakening range are obtained. How to select the permanent magnet material and how to design the permanent magnetic circuit under the "V" rotor structure are presented for the motor parameters which affect the weak magnetic performance. The pole arc factor, magnetic flux leakage factor, back EMF amplitude and air gap magnetic density waveform of the motor are simulated and optimized by using ANSYS MAXWELL finite element software. The ANSYS Workbench finite element software is used to analyze the temperature distribution of the motor in the current limit circle, and it is verified that the temperature rise distribution of the designed motor meets the national standard. The control and driving circuit of the weak magnetic drive control system is designed, and the sensor is analyzed and selected. The weak magnetic control algorithm and the realization method are given. The main program, the PWM interrupt program, the external timer interrupt program, the main program, the external timer interrupt program, the main program, the interrupt program and the external timer interrupt program are programmed. Position detection program and weak magnetic control and other software programs. The permanent magnet AC servo motor and drive control system of a rotor with "V" structure, rated power 12kW, rated torque 36Nm, 8 poles and 12 slots and fractional slot central windings are designed and manufactured. The experimental results show that the performance index of the motor is consistent with the theoretical derivation and meets the design requirements. The motor temperature rise experiment is carried out, and the results accord with the relevant national standards. The method and discussion presented in this paper have some guiding significance for the analysis, research and design of the permanent magnet AC servo motor with weak magnetic control function and the driving control technology.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM383.4

【参考文献】