基于滑模变结构的中小型风力发电机组功率控制研究
发布时间：2019-04-04 14:48
【摘要】：当今社会的环境问题越来越受到人们的关注,雾霾已经成为了困扰人们的一大难题。因此发展清洁可再生能源迫在眉睫。风能作为自然界中最常见的清洁能源,在新能源发电中所占的比例越来越大。其中的永磁直驱风力发电机组又因其效率高、结构简单、维护成本低等特点正得到越来越多的应用。除了在风电场的大型风力发电机组应用外,分布式发电中应用的中小型风力发电机组也逐渐流行起来。但是,目前许多中小型风力机组控制方式简单,使得机组的效率较低,因此将先进可靠的控制方法运用到中小型风力发电机组中来提高其工作效率具有十分重要的意义。本文首先对风力发电的相关理论进行了分析,对其在额定风速之下和额定风速之上的风力机运行过程进行了分析,得到了在不同阶段应该采取转矩控制或者变桨距控制来控制发电机输出功率。然后对永磁直驱风力发电机组的结构进行了详细分析并依据各部分特性进行了建模。针对风力机在不同风速下的控制逻辑,本文将滑模变结构控制方式运用到控制器的设计中,设计出了滑模转矩控制器和滑模变桨距控制器来分别实现额定风速下的转矩控制和额定风速之上的变桨距控制。并设计出STP观测器分别向控制器提供预估值,以减弱滑模变结构的抖振现象,同时也提高了控制准确性。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建了20k W永磁直驱风力发电机组的模型对控制器的控制性能进行了验证,证明了控制器的良好的控制性能。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to environmental problems, and haze has become a difficult problem that puzzles people. Therefore, the development of clean renewable energy is urgent. Wind energy, as the most common clean energy in nature, accounts for an increasing proportion of new energy generation. Because of its high efficiency, simple structure and low maintenance cost, the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is getting more and more applications. In addition to the application of large wind turbines in wind farms, the small and medium-sized wind turbines used in distributed generation are becoming more and more popular. However, at present, many small and medium-sized wind turbines are easy to control, so it is of great significance to apply advanced and reliable control methods to small and medium-sized wind turbines to improve their working efficiency. In this paper, the theory of wind power generation is analyzed firstly, and the operation process of wind turbine under and above rated wind speed is analyzed. It is obtained that torque control or pitch control should be adopted in different stages to control the output power of the generator. Then the structure of the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is analyzed in detail and the model is built according to the characteristics of each part. Aiming at the control logic of wind turbine under different wind speed, the sliding mode variable structure control method is applied to the controller design in this paper. Sliding mode torque controller and sliding mode pitch controller are designed to realize torque control under rated wind speed and pitch control over rated wind speed respectively. The STP observer is designed to provide the predictive value to the controller to reduce the chattering phenomenon of sliding mode variable structure and to improve the accuracy of the control. Finally, the model of 20kW permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine is built through Matlab/Simulink simulation platform to verify the control performance of the controller, and the good control performance of the controller is proved.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315
本文编号：2453916
[Abstract]:Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to environmental problems, and haze has become a difficult problem that puzzles people. Therefore, the development of clean renewable energy is urgent. Wind energy, as the most common clean energy in nature, accounts for an increasing proportion of new energy generation. Because of its high efficiency, simple structure and low maintenance cost, the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is getting more and more applications. In addition to the application of large wind turbines in wind farms, the small and medium-sized wind turbines used in distributed generation are becoming more and more popular. However, at present, many small and medium-sized wind turbines are easy to control, so it is of great significance to apply advanced and reliable control methods to small and medium-sized wind turbines to improve their working efficiency. In this paper, the theory of wind power generation is analyzed firstly, and the operation process of wind turbine under and above rated wind speed is analyzed. It is obtained that torque control or pitch control should be adopted in different stages to control the output power of the generator. Then the structure of the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is analyzed in detail and the model is built according to the characteristics of each part. Aiming at the control logic of wind turbine under different wind speed, the sliding mode variable structure control method is applied to the controller design in this paper. Sliding mode torque controller and sliding mode pitch controller are designed to realize torque control under rated wind speed and pitch control over rated wind speed respectively. The STP observer is designed to provide the predictive value to the controller to reduce the chattering phenomenon of sliding mode variable structure and to improve the accuracy of the control. Finally, the model of 20kW permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine is built through Matlab/Simulink simulation platform to verify the control performance of the controller, and the good control performance of the controller is proved.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315
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