电动车用无刷直流电机低速特性的研究

发布时间：2019-04-10 17:01

【摘要】：为了更好地解决全球石油资源枯竭问题和日益严重的环境污染问题,电动汽车应运而生。就电动汽车的性能指标而言,所采用的电机以及控制策略起着非常重要的作用,国内外学者对此进行着长期的研究。无刷直流电机凭借高效率、低功耗、结构简单等优点受到了青睐,被应用到越来越多的领域。因此,本文研究了无刷直流电机在采用直接转矩控制下的运行系统,并且针对电动汽车的低速性能进行了仿真分析。首先以无刷直流电机的基本结构为基础,对无刷直流电机的工作原理、数学模型、电机特性等方面进行了详细的介绍。其次,针对无刷直流电机在低速运行时存在较大转矩脉动的缺点,对比分析了其采用的控制方法。在分析了直接转矩控制理论的基础上,把Matlab/Simulink仿真软件作为平台,建立了无刷直流电机直接转矩控制的模型,并对各个仿真模块进行了详细的介绍,得出了仿真波形图。通过与矢量控制方法下的波形图进行比较,得出了直接转矩控制不仅具有良好的动态响应能力而且能有效地抑制转矩脉动的结论。最后,以电动车的整车参数和动力性能指标为依据,对电动车的传动系统和驱动电机参数进行了设计和选择。并结合汽车行驶方程建立了整车模型,对电动车低速运行状态进行了仿真模拟,仿真结果证实了仿真系统能较好地满足电动车运行时所需达到的要求。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of global oil resource depletion and increasingly serious environmental pollution, electric vehicles emerge as the times require. As far as the performance index of electric vehicle is concerned, the motor and control strategy play a very important role, which has been studied for a long time by domestic and foreign scholars. Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has been applied to more and more fields because of its advantages of high efficiency, low power consumption and simple structure. Therefore, the operation system of brushless DC motor with direct torque control is studied in this paper, and the low-speed performance of electric vehicle is simulated and analyzed. Firstly, based on the basic structure of brushless DC motor, the working principle, mathematical model and motor characteristics of brushless DC motor are introduced in detail. Secondly, aiming at the disadvantage of large torque ripple in the low speed operation of brushless DC motor, the control methods are compared and analyzed. On the basis of analyzing the theory of direct torque control, the model of direct torque control of brushless DC motor is established by taking Matlab/Simulink simulation software as the platform, and the simulation modules are introduced in detail, and the simulation wave diagram is obtained. Compared with the waveform of vector control method, direct torque control (DTC) not only has good dynamic response ability, but also can restrain torque ripple effectively. Finally, according to the whole vehicle parameters and dynamic performance index, the transmission system and the driving motor parameters of the electric vehicle are designed and selected. Combined with the vehicle driving equation, the whole vehicle model is established, and the low-speed running state of the electric vehicle is simulated. The simulation results show that the simulation system can meet the requirements of the electric vehicle running well.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM33;U469.72

【参考文献】