永磁直驱风力发电控制系统研究

发布时间：2019-04-29 06:34

【摘要】：能源紧缺已成为世界性的难题。新能源如风能、太阳能等研究得到了人们广泛的关注。风力发电以其高效、可再生的优点,成为了当今主要的发电方式之一。永磁直驱风力发电以其发电效率高、电网接入性能优等特点成为主流的发电方式。永磁直驱风力发电系统的控制包括电网侧变换器的控制和电机侧永磁发电机的控制。电网侧变换器的控制策略直接关系到发电机与电网之间的有功功率传输以及发电系统的无功调节;电机侧发电机的控制策略直接关系到电机定子输出的有功功率和发电系统的风能利用率。因此,采用合适的永磁直驱风力发电控制策略是提高发电系统性能的关键。本文围绕永磁直驱风力发电控制策略进行研究。首先,以电网侧变换器作为研究对象,针对电网电压可能出现的畸变问题,对并网逆变器的关键技术—锁相环进行了深入研究;引入了双同步坐标系解耦软件锁相环,并对并网电流控制策略进行了深入分析。其次,以电机侧永磁电机作为研究对象,对其功率拓扑、数学模型和双闭环控制机理进行剖析,分析了矢量控制技术;针对风力发电的实际应用,重点研究了永磁同步电机的无速度传感器控制技术;分析了滑模观测器在无速度传感器中的应用,针对滑模观测器应用的缺点,引入了基于扰动观测器的无速度传感器控制技术,从而避免了由于滑模观测器对状态变量电流进行微分而引起的高频干扰,以及因滑模观测器自身存在的固有抖振带来高频谐波而需设计数字滤波器引起的相位延时等问题。最后,利用PSIM和Microsoft Visual C++6.0进行联合仿真,分别对电网畸变条件下的锁相环性能、两种无速度传感器控制算法和发电系统整体控制策略进行仿真验证;基于搭建的实验平台,编写了控制软件,并进行了相关实验研究。仿真和实验研究均表明:提出的永磁直驱风力发电系统控制策略能够实现系统的变速恒频发电运行、电网电压故障下的精确锁相、独立调节系统输出的有功和无功功率、保证永磁电机无速度传感器的稳定运行、输出正弦性较好的并网电流。仿真和实验结果与理论相符,为工程应用奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Energy shortage has become a worldwide problem. The research of new energy such as wind energy and solar energy has been paid more and more attention. Wind power generation has become one of the main power generation methods because of its high efficiency and renewable advantages. Permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation has become the mainstream generation mode due to its high generation efficiency and excellent grid access performance. The control of permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system includes the control of power side converter and the control of motor side permanent magnet generator. The control strategy of the grid side converter is directly related to the active power transmission between the generator and the power grid and the reactive power regulation of the power generation system. The control strategy of the motor side generator is directly related to the active power output of the motor stator and the utilization of wind energy in the power generation system. Therefore, the proper permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation control strategy is the key to improve the performance of power generation system. The control strategy of permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation is studied in this paper. Firstly, the phase-locked loop (PLL), the key technology of grid-connected inverter, is studied in detail, aiming at the possible distortion of the grid voltage, taking the grid-side converter as the research object. The double synchronous coordinate decoupling software phase locked loop (PLL) is introduced and the current control strategy of grid connection is analyzed. Secondly, the power topology, mathematical model and double closed loop control mechanism of the permanent magnet motor on the motor side are analyzed, and the vector control technology is analyzed. Aiming at the practical application of wind power generation, the speed sensorless control technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is studied. In this paper, the application of sliding mode observer in speed sensorless system is analyzed. According to the shortcomings of sliding mode observer, the speed sensorless control technology based on disturbance observer is introduced. Therefore, the high frequency interference caused by the differentiation of the state variable current by the sliding mode observer and the phase delay caused by the high frequency harmonic caused by the inherent buffeting caused by the sliding mode observer are avoided, and the phase delay caused by the design of the digital filter is also avoided. Finally, PSIM and Microsoft Visual C 6.0 are used to simulate and verify the performance of PLL, two speed sensorless control algorithms and the overall control strategy of power generation system under the condition of power grid distortion respectively. Based on the built-up experimental platform, the control software is programmed and the related experiments are carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy can realize the VSCF operation of the system, the precise phase locking under the voltage fault of the power grid, and the independent regulation of the active and reactive power output of the system, and the control strategy of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system can realize the variable speed constant frequency generation operation of the system. Ensure the permanent magnet motor speed sensorless stable operation, output sinusoidal better grid-connected current. The results of simulation and experiment agree with the theory and lay a foundation for engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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