基于快速开关的故障限流器及其节能应用研究

发布时间：2019-05-14 11:47

【摘要】：随着我国电网的迅速发展,电网规模日益扩张,系统容量和负荷随之增长,短路电流超标逐渐成为突出问题之一。在我国一些经济发达的地区,短路电流已经超过了目前断路器的开断能力。短路电流超标会严重危害电力系统的安全,还会带来电能质量下降、电压跌落等问题,因此,短路电流超标的问题必须加以重视和解决。近几年国内外针对短路故障电流的研究结果表明,故障限流器(Fault Current Limiter,FCL)对于解决短路故障中的电流过大和电压降落问题效果明显,因此有必要对故障限流器及其关键技术展开研究。首先,本文在总结国内外各类型故障限流器和传统限流电抗器的基础上,提出了一种基于快速开关技术的新型故障限流器,并对其进行了相关研究。分析介绍了快速开关型故障限流器的工作原理和拓扑结构,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件对其限流效果进行了仿真分析,并根据快速开关型故障限流器的特性对其安装位置进行了分析和优化配置,给出了建议安装位置。其次,本文研究了快速开关型故障限流器的关键技术。针对快速开关电弧熄灭困难的问题和开断过程中电流难以快速转移的问题,本文提出了电流过零点开断方案,解决了上述问题,提高了快速开关的开断能力和使用寿命。为缩短开关动作时间,研究了一种快速涡流驱动的新型电磁斥力快速开关结构,介绍了其工作原理和电磁力计算方法,得出了符合动作时间要求的参数。针对电流过零点开断方案中的转移过电压问题,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件进行了仿真分析,提出了解决方案。本文对快速开关型故障限流器的节能效果进行了详细的计算分析,并对其经济效益进行了分析,证明了快速开关型故障限流器的节能效果和经济性。最后,本文研究了系统接入快速开关型故障限流器后对电力系统的影响。主要研究了对系统暂态稳定性的影响和对断路器开断特性的影响,并对系统接入故障限流器后断路器断口恢复电压上升率增大的问题提出了解决建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of power grid in our country, the scale of power grid is expanding day by day, the capacity and load of the system increase, and the short circuit current exceeding the standard gradually becomes one of the outstanding problems. In some economically developed areas of our country, the short circuit current has exceeded the breaking capacity of circuit breakers at present. Short-circuit current exceeding the standard will seriously endanger the safety of power system, but also bring about the decline of power quality, voltage drop and other problems. Therefore, the problem of short-circuit current exceeding the standard must be paid attention to and solved. The research results of short circuit fault current at home and abroad in recent years show that fault current limiter (Fault Current Limiter,FCL) has obvious effect on solving the problem of excessive current and voltage drop in short circuit fault. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fault current limiter and its key technologies. Firstly, based on the summary of various types of fault current limiter and traditional current limiter at home and abroad, a new type of fault current limiter based on fast switching technology is proposed in this paper, and its related research is carried out. The working principle and topological structure of fast switching fault current limiter are analyzed and introduced, and the current limiting effect is simulated and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The installation position of the fast switching fault current limiter is analyzed and optimized according to the characteristics of the fast switching fault current limiter, and the recommended installation position is given. Secondly, the key technology of fast switching fault current limiter is studied in this paper. In order to solve the problem that the arc of fast switch is difficult to extinguish and the current is difficult to transfer rapidly in the process of breaking, a zero-crossing breaking scheme of current is put forward in this paper, which solves the above problems and improves the breaking capacity and service life of fast switch. In order to shorten the switching time, a new type of fast switching structure of electromagnetic repulsive force driven by fast vortex is studied, its working principle and calculation method of electromagnetic force are introduced, and the parameters that meet the requirements of operation time are obtained. Aiming at the problem of transfer overvoltage in the current zero-crossing breaking scheme, the simulation analysis is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink software, and the solution is put forward. In this paper, the energy saving effect of fast switching fault current limiter is calculated and analyzed in detail, and its economic benefit is analyzed, which proves the energy saving effect and economy of fast switching fault current limiter. Finally, the influence of fast switching fault current limiter on power system is studied in this paper. This paper mainly studies the influence on the transient stability of the system and the breaking characteristics of the circuit breaker, and puts forward some suggestions for solving the problem of the increase of the recovery voltage of the circuit breaker fracture after the system is connected to the fault current limiter.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM471

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