铅酸蓄电池在线监测系统设计

发布时间：2019-05-16 10:05

【摘要】：铅酸蓄电池作为后备电源,在汽车、通信、电力、铁路、电动车等各个领域都发挥着至关重要的作用,在其服役期间,对其进行实时的监测维护是十分必要的。铅酸蓄电池的电压、内阻、温度等可测量的表征参数以及它们之间的关系不仅可以反映蓄电池内部的复杂变化,还可以在一定程度上预测蓄电池的健康状态。因此,通过监测铅酸蓄电池的电压、内阻、温度等的变化可以为蓄电池管理提供一定的参考。本文以铅酸蓄电池为研究对象,对目前广泛使用的蓄电池参数测试仪器、仪表,进行调查与综合分析,针对其不足,研发出了一套蓄电池参数在线监测系统。该系统可以精准的测量蓄电池组的充、放电电流,蓄电池组的总电压、蓄电池内阻、蓄电池温度以及蓄电池单体电压等。同时,针对目前变电站所采用的核对性容量放电(核容放电)确定蓄电池剩余容量方法人力、物力以及能源浪费的缺点,在归一化以及有限元思想的指导下,依据卡尔曼滤波算法对蓄电池的SOC进行实时监测估计。蓄电池在线系统作为一种数字化、信息化的在线监测系统,对其基本要求是能够节省时间,操作上更加便利,可以对蓄电池的整个生命周期实行监测。该文所研究的蓄电池在线监测实验系统,采取主从机的模式。集中主控单元作为主机,采集单元作为从机,集中主控单元负责向各个从机发送命令,接收来自各个从机的报文数据并对接收到的数据进行处理运算,最后将结果显示在液晶屏幕上。集中主控单元通过RS485协议与各个从机进行通讯,通过按键向各个采集模块发送消息、查看数据以及进行一些简单的设置等。上位机软件通过网络与集中主控单元进行通信。对收集到的数据,软件可以进行综合分析与处理。该监测系统能够及时准确的检测蓄电池的单体电压、蓄电池工作温度、蓄电池内阻、蓄电池组的总电压以及蓄电池组的充、放电电流等。该监测系统的创新部分,有如下几点:1、基于PSoC系列芯片采集蓄电池内阻,避免了传统复杂的电路设计,将微弱信号处理技术集成在一个芯片,利用软件编程进行处理,增大了抗干扰能力,减小了开发难度,提高了测量稳定性与数据精度;2、针对目前市面上的霍尔传感器小电流测量误差大的缺点,利用高精度运放器件搭建比例运算电路,在精度校准上,采用分段拟合的算法提高数据测量精度;3、在SOC估计上,该系统借鉴有限元及归一化的思想,依据卡尔曼滤波算法对蓄电池的SOC进行实时监测估计,极大的减少了物力、人力以及能源的浪费。实践结果表明,本文所设计的系统,检测模块测试精度高、稳定性好,系统通过软硬件结合,处理速度快,实时性好,能够很好的满足设计要求。
[Abstract]:Lead-acid battery, as a backup power supply, plays an important role in automobile, communication, power, railway, electric vehicle and other fields. It is very necessary to monitor and maintain lead-acid battery in real time during its service. The measured characterization parameters such as voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery and the relationship between them can not only reflect the complex changes in the battery, but also predict the health state of the battery to a certain extent. Therefore, monitoring the changes of voltage, internal resistance and temperature of lead-acid battery can provide a certain reference for battery management. In this paper, lead-acid battery is taken as the research object, and the widely used battery parameter testing instruments and instruments are investigated and comprehensively analyzed. In view of its shortcomings, a set of battery parameter on-line monitoring system is developed. The system can accurately measure the charge and discharge current of the battery, the total voltage of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the temperature of the battery and the single voltage of the battery. At the same time, in view of the shortcomings of the method of nuclear capacity discharge (nuclear capacity discharge) used in substations to determine the remaining capacity of batteries, such as manpower, material resources and energy waste, under the guidance of normalization and finite element method, According to Kalman filter algorithm, the SOC of battery is monitored and estimated in real time. As a kind of digital and information on-line monitoring system, the basic requirement of battery online system is to save time, to operate more conveniently, and to monitor the whole life cycle of battery. The battery on-line monitoring experimental system studied in this paper adopts the master-slave mode. The centralized main control unit acts as the host computer, the acquisition unit as the slave machine, and the centralized main control unit is responsible for sending commands to each slave machine, receiving message data from each slave machine and processing the received data. Finally, the results are displayed on the liquid crystal screen. The centralized main control unit communicates with each slave through RS485 protocol, sends messages to each collection module by pressing the key, views the data and makes some simple settings. The upper computer software communicates with the centralized main control unit through the network. The collected data can be comprehensively analyzed and processed by the software. The monitoring system can timely and accurately detect the single voltage of the battery, the operating temperature of the battery, the internal resistance of the battery, the total voltage of the battery pack, the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, and so on. The innovative part of the monitoring system is as follows: 1. Based on PSoC series chip, the internal resistance of battery is collected, the traditional complex circuit design is avoided, the weak signal processing technology is integrated into one chip, and the software programming is used for processing. The anti-interference ability is increased, the development difficulty is reduced, and the measurement stability and data accuracy are improved. 2. In view of the shortcomings of Hall sensor small current measurement error on the market at present, the proportional operation circuit is built by using high precision operational amplifier. In the precision calibration, the piecewise fitting algorithm is used to improve the data measurement accuracy. 3. In the SOC estimation, the system uses the idea of finite element and normalization for reference, and carries on the real-time monitoring and estimation to the SOC of the battery according to the Kalman filter algorithm, which greatly reduces the waste of material resources, manpower and energy. The practical results show that the system designed in this paper has high test accuracy and good stability, and the system can meet the design requirements by combining software and hardware, fast processing speed and good real-time performance.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912

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