160kW永磁直驱风力发电机的设计与优化

发布时间：2019-05-26 23:08

【摘要】：随着能源与环境问题的日益突出,大力发展清洁能源成为世界各国的战略选择。风能因其清洁高效的优点成为新能源的主力军之一。永磁直驱风力发电机省掉了故障率高的传动齿轮箱,从而减小了风机的维护成本,提高了风电系统的可靠性。风力发电的背景和前景是本课题的选题意义。阐述了永磁同步发电机的不同分类的优缺点后,本文选择了径向表贴式结构作为发电机的基本结构。根据电机设计的基本理论,本文完成了160kw永磁直驱风力发电机的初始电磁设计方案。为了优化永磁直驱风力发电机的起动阻力矩,提高风能利用率,本文提出了磁极分组偏移的新方法来削弱表贴式永磁电机的齿槽转矩;透彻分析齿槽转矩的产生原理后,给出了此种偏移方法的偏移角度计算公式;并用Maxwell的参数化分析模块验证了所给磁极偏移角度计算公式的正确性;总结了分组数选取的规律,并通过对样机不同分组数的有限元仿真验证了规律的正确性;结果表明,此种偏移方法可以简洁有效的削弱永磁电机的齿槽转矩。齿槽转矩优化完成后,本文克服了传统有限元优化电机时周期长的缺点,采用遗传算法,以发电机的效率、功率因数和经济性为多元目标函数,对发电机的其他参数进行优化,编写了Matlab遗传算法程序,分析了优化前后的设计方案。最后,本文对优化完成的发电机方案进行了运行特性仿真和样机实验,仿真和实验结果均验证了本文设计方案的合理性。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent problems of energy and environment, the development of clean energy has become the strategic choice of all countries in the world. Wind energy has become one of the main forces of new energy because of its clean and efficient advantages. The permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine saves the transmission gearbox with high failure rate, thus reducing the maintenance cost of the fan and improving the reliability of the wind power system. The background and prospect of wind power generation is the significance of this topic. After expounding the advantages and disadvantages of different classification of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSM), the radial table structure is selected as the basic structure of PMSM. According to the basic theory of motor design, the initial electromagnetic design scheme of 160kw permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine is completed in this paper. In order to optimize the starting resistance torque of permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine and improve the utilization rate of wind energy, a new method of magnetic pole packet migration is proposed to weaken the slot torque of meter-mounted permanent magnet motor. After thoroughly analyzing the generating principle of slot torque, the formula for calculating the offset angle of this migration method is given, and the correctness of the formula for calculating the offset angle of magnetic pole is verified by the parametric analysis module of Maxwell. The law of grouping number selection is summarized, and the correctness of the law is verified by finite element simulation of different grouping numbers of the prototype. The results show that this migration method can reduce the slot torque of permanent magnet motor succinctly and effectively. After the optimization of slot torque, this paper overcomes the disadvantage of long period of traditional finite element optimization of motor. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the other parameters of generator, taking the efficiency, power factor and economy of generator as multivariate objective function. The program of Matlab genetic algorithm is compiled, and the design scheme before and after optimization is analyzed. Finally, the operation characteristic simulation and prototype experiment of the optimized generator scheme are carried out, and the rationality of the design scheme is verified by the simulation and experimental results.
【学位授予单位】：上海电机学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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