变频空调压缩机PMSM无传感器控制系统研究

发布时间：2019-06-03 00:05

【摘要】：随着经济的增长,能源日益匮乏,变频空调相对于传统的定频空调在节能环保方面更有优势,空调技术朝着变频调速、抗菌、静音、智能化的方向发展。对比感应电动机,永磁同步电动机拥有功率因数高、能效大及很容易控制等优点,因此被广泛应用于家用空调和商业空调领域,成为新一代高校和企业研究的热门。由于在永磁同步电动机的矢量控制中,电机转子磁极位置信息是检测的关键。电机转轴上安装机械式传感器易受到高温高压、湿润恶劣环境的侵蚀。因此,变频空调压缩机内PMSM控制系统需要使用无传感器控制算法获取转子磁极位置信息。首先,本文针对空调压缩机永磁同步电动机无位置传感器矢量控制系统进行研究。在分析了永磁同步电动机结构的基础上,根据永磁同步电动机的特性建立了永磁同步电机的数学模型。阐述di=0速度电流双闭环矢量控制系统原理进行了深入的理论研究,以及基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台建立了永磁同步电动机矢量控制仿真模型。其次,本文首先对传统滑模观测器进行了改进和扩展。采用了变滑模增益、Sigmoid切换函数以及反电动势自适应滤波等手段,有效的抑制了滑模观测器中的高频“抖振”,以及运用PLL理论进行电机磁极位置信息的估算。同时,为了增强转子磁极信息检测准确性及负载参数扰动鲁棒性,在滑模观测器中引入了电机定子参数的在线辨识研究。因空调压缩机负载周期性变化引起的转速波动,选择PDFF速度前馈调节器代替PI速度环。另外,针对基于反电动势估算的永磁同步电机无传感器控制时自起动难的问题,分析了预定位开环起动策略。最后,建立Matlab/Simulink仿真平台,并对永磁同步电动机无传感器矢量控制系统进行了动静态性能和鲁棒行的仿真分析。
[Abstract]:With the growth of economy and the increasing shortage of energy, frequency conversion air conditioning has more advantages in energy saving and environmental protection compared with the traditional fixed frequency air conditioning. Air conditioning technology is developing in the direction of frequency conversion speed regulation, antibacterial, mute and intelligence. Compared with induction motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the advantages of high power factor, high energy efficiency and easy control, so it is widely used in the field of household air conditioning and commercial air conditioning, and has become a hot research topic in a new generation of colleges and enterprises. Because of the vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the position information of rotor pole is the key to detection. The installation of mechanical sensors on the rotating shaft of motor is easy to be eroded by high temperature and high pressure and humid environment. Therefore, the PMSM control system in variable frequency air conditioning compressor needs to use sensorless control algorithm to obtain rotor pole position information. Firstly, the sensorless vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for air conditioning compressor is studied in this paper. Based on the analysis of the structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the mathematical model of PMSM is established according to the characteristics of PMSM. The principle of di=0 speed and current double closed loop vector control system is studied theoretically, and the vector control simulation model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is established based on Matlab/Simulink simulation platform. Secondly, in this paper, the traditional sliding mode observer is improved and extended. The variable sliding mode gain, Sigmoid switching function and back EMF adaptive filtering are used to effectively suppress the high frequency "buffeting" in the sliding mode observer, and the PLL theory is used to estimate the magnetic pole position information of the motor. At the same time, in order to enhance the accuracy of rotor pole information detection and the robustness of load parameter disturbance, the on-line identification of motor stator parameters is introduced into the sliding mode observer. Due to the fluctuation of speed caused by periodic change of air conditioning compressor load, PDFF speed feedforward regulator is selected to replace PI speed loop. In addition, in order to solve the problem of self-starting of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless control based on back EMF estimation, the pre-positioning open-loop starting strategy is analyzed. Finally, the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform is established, and the dynamic and static performance and robust simulation analysis of the sensorless vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are carried out.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;TM925.12

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