基于电网实时运行条件的继电保护可靠性评估
发布时间：2019-06-06 08:12
【摘要】：作为保障电力系统可靠运行的第一道防线,继电保护系统是电力系统安全保障体系的一个重要组成部分。近年来,随着我国国民经济的不断进步,我国电网建设也处在一个高速发展时期。随着电网规模的日益扩大、电压等级和输电容量的不断增加,电网中的各个子系统之间的电气联系也变得愈加紧密和复杂。这一方面提高了电力系统的供电能力和效率,另一方面给电网运行增加了更多不确定性,以及电网事故的危害程度。当电网中某一位置发生故障后,如果继电保护系统不能快速、有选择性地切除故障,极易导致事故蔓延成为连锁性故障而使电网面临瘫痪的危险。因此,评估继电保护系统的运行可靠性,发现其运行的薄弱环节,以及采取相应的措施来改善继电保护的运行性能具有很好的工程应用价值和现实指导意义。本文对继电保护可靠性评估课题的研究历史和发展现状做了相关阐述,论述了保护可靠性评估中存在的一些问题。分析了影响保护可靠性的多方而因素,从保护机理性失效出发,考虑到电网运行条件的实时性和多变性特征,定义了保护可靠性指标,建立了保护可靠性评估模型,并推导出可靠性指标的具体算法,对配置在输电线路上的阶段式电流保护和距离保护的可靠性做了相关探讨和研究。论文的具体工作如下：(1)阐述了继电保护系统的结构组成和工作特性,综合分析了影响继电保护运行可靠性的各种因素,基于保护机理性失效,论文指出基于保护软硬件、断路器、二次回路等其他相关单元的失效模型所得到的保护可靠性评估结果只能反映保护的平均可靠性水平。研究表明,保护的设计原理、配置和整定、电网运行方式以及短路类型等电网的实时运行条件对保护误动和拒动的影响很大,才是影响保护可靠性的主要因素。(2)在之前文献所提出的保护可靠性指标—保护运行拒动概率和保护运行误动概率的基础上,本论文给出了可靠性评估指标—保护动作百分比,该指标可以反映出当输电线路上任意位置处发生短路故障后保护各段的实际动作概率,以从故障切除时间和故障切除准确程度等角度反映电网运行条件的变化对保护误动或拒动的影响程度。(3)对于阶段式电流保护,分析了保护各段的动作概率在输电线路上的分布情况,建立了阶段式电流保护动作概率沿线分布模型。(4)对于距离保护,研究了全阻抗继电器特性,分析了保护各段的动作概率在阻抗圆上的分布,建立了距离保护动作概率分布模型。(5)基于保护动作机理,推导出保护各段动作百分比的算法。最后通过具体的算例,展示了保护动作百分比的算法,阐述如何根据保护百分比计算结果来定量分析保护的可靠性。
[Abstract]:As the first line of defense to ensure the reliable operation of power system, relay protection system is an important part of power system security system. In recent years, with the continuous progress of our national economy, China's power grid construction is also in a period of rapid development. With the increasing scale of power grid and the increase of voltage level and transmission capacity, the electrical relationship between the subsystems in the power grid has become more and more close and complex. On the one hand, the power supply capacity and efficiency of the power system are improved, on the other hand, more uncertainty is added to the operation of the power grid, as well as the harm degree of power grid accidents. When a fault occurs at a certain position in the power grid, if the relay protection system can not remove the fault quickly and selectively, it will easily lead to the accident spreading into a chain fault and make the power grid face the risk of paralysis. Therefore, it is of good engineering application value and practical guiding significance to evaluate the operation reliability of relay protection system, find out the weak links of its operation, and take corresponding measures to improve the operation performance of relay protection. In this paper, the research history and development status of relay protection reliability evaluation are described, and some problems existing in protection reliability evaluation are discussed. The factors that affect the reliability of protection are analyzed. Starting from the failure of protection mechanism, considering the real-time and variability characteristics of power grid operation conditions, the protection reliability index is defined, and the evaluation model of protection reliability is established. The specific algorithm of reliability index is deduced, and the reliability of stage current protection and distance protection configured on transmission line is discussed and studied. The concrete work of this paper is as follows: (1) the structure composition and working characteristics of relay protection system are described, and various factors affecting the operation reliability of relay protection are comprehensively analyzed. Based on the failure of protection mechanism, the paper points out that based on the protection software and hardware, The evaluation results of protection reliability obtained by the failure model of circuit breaker, secondary circuit and other related units can only reflect the average reliability level of protection. The research shows that the design principle, configuration and setting of the protection, the operation mode of the power grid and the real-time operation conditions of the short-circuit type have a great influence on the misoperation and rejection of the protection. Is the main factor affecting the protection reliability. (2) on the basis of the protection reliability index proposed in the previous literature, the protection operation rejection probability and the protection operation misoperation probability, In this paper, the reliability evaluation index, the percentage of protection action, is given, which can reflect the actual operation probability of each section of protection after short circuit fault occurs at any position on the transmission line. The influence of the change of power grid operation conditions on the misoperation or rejection of protection is reflected from the point of view of fault removal time and accuracy of fault removal. (3) for stage current protection, The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on transmission line is analyzed, and the distribution model along the action probability of stage current protection is established. (4) for distance protection, the characteristics of full impedance relay are studied. The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on impedance circle is analyzed, and the probability distribution model of distance protection action is established. (5) based on the mechanism of protection action, the algorithm of action percentage of each section of protection is derived. Finally, through a specific example, the algorithm of protection action percentage is shown, and how to quantitatively analyze the reliability of protection according to the calculation results of protection percentage is expounded.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM732;TM77
[Abstract]:As the first line of defense to ensure the reliable operation of power system, relay protection system is an important part of power system security system. In recent years, with the continuous progress of our national economy, China's power grid construction is also in a period of rapid development. With the increasing scale of power grid and the increase of voltage level and transmission capacity, the electrical relationship between the subsystems in the power grid has become more and more close and complex. On the one hand, the power supply capacity and efficiency of the power system are improved, on the other hand, more uncertainty is added to the operation of the power grid, as well as the harm degree of power grid accidents. When a fault occurs at a certain position in the power grid, if the relay protection system can not remove the fault quickly and selectively, it will easily lead to the accident spreading into a chain fault and make the power grid face the risk of paralysis. Therefore, it is of good engineering application value and practical guiding significance to evaluate the operation reliability of relay protection system, find out the weak links of its operation, and take corresponding measures to improve the operation performance of relay protection. In this paper, the research history and development status of relay protection reliability evaluation are described, and some problems existing in protection reliability evaluation are discussed. The factors that affect the reliability of protection are analyzed. Starting from the failure of protection mechanism, considering the real-time and variability characteristics of power grid operation conditions, the protection reliability index is defined, and the evaluation model of protection reliability is established. The specific algorithm of reliability index is deduced, and the reliability of stage current protection and distance protection configured on transmission line is discussed and studied. The concrete work of this paper is as follows: (1) the structure composition and working characteristics of relay protection system are described, and various factors affecting the operation reliability of relay protection are comprehensively analyzed. Based on the failure of protection mechanism, the paper points out that based on the protection software and hardware, The evaluation results of protection reliability obtained by the failure model of circuit breaker, secondary circuit and other related units can only reflect the average reliability level of protection. The research shows that the design principle, configuration and setting of the protection, the operation mode of the power grid and the real-time operation conditions of the short-circuit type have a great influence on the misoperation and rejection of the protection. Is the main factor affecting the protection reliability. (2) on the basis of the protection reliability index proposed in the previous literature, the protection operation rejection probability and the protection operation misoperation probability, In this paper, the reliability evaluation index, the percentage of protection action, is given, which can reflect the actual operation probability of each section of protection after short circuit fault occurs at any position on the transmission line. The influence of the change of power grid operation conditions on the misoperation or rejection of protection is reflected from the point of view of fault removal time and accuracy of fault removal. (3) for stage current protection, The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on transmission line is analyzed, and the distribution model along the action probability of stage current protection is established. (4) for distance protection, the characteristics of full impedance relay are studied. The distribution of action probability of each section of protection on impedance circle is analyzed, and the probability distribution model of distance protection action is established. (5) based on the mechanism of protection action, the algorithm of action percentage of each section of protection is derived. Finally, through a specific example, the algorithm of protection action percentage is shown, and how to quantitatively analyze the reliability of protection according to the calculation results of protection percentage is expounded.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM732;TM77
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