电动汽车用永磁同步电机控制系统的研究与实现
发布时间：2019-06-29 22:13
【摘要】：本文依托国家自然科学基金项目“电动汽车用多相电机驱动控制系统故障诊断及容错控制研究(编号:61603263)”和辽宁省教育厅科学研究一般项目“电动汽车用六相永磁电机驱动系统故障诊断方法研究(LGD2016030)”,研究了电动汽车用永磁同步电机控制系统的关键技术。主要研究了永磁同步电机的矢量控制,恒转矩区最大转矩/电流比控制,恒功率区弱磁控制,实现了电机宽范围高速稳定运行。在工程实践的基础上,对电动汽车电机驱动控制器的保护策略和整车逻辑相关功能等问题深入分析研究。主要工作体现在以下几个方面:本文以内置式永磁同步电机作为驱动电机。采用空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术,在电动汽车电池电压限制的前提下,实现电池利用率的最大化;采用最大转矩/电流比(MTPA)控制交轴和直轴电流的最优组合,使定子电流最小,达到系统效率的最优化。为满足电动汽车对电机驱动系统宽调速范围的要求,设计了弱磁控制算法,提高了电机运行速度范围。为了验证所设计的控制策略的有效性,运用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件搭建了基于转子磁场定向的永磁同步电机矢量控制系统,对控制系统进行仿真研究并对结果进行分析。为解决高速时转子初始位置的精度不足的问题,采用对称法来检测转子初始位置,通过四次测得的转子绝对位置,对结果取平均值,从而提高了初始位置检测的精度。采用模块化的设计思路,对电机驱动控制器的保护策略和整车逻辑相关功能进行深入研究。从温度故障检测和硬件故障检测两个方面,对电机温度,三相桥臂温度,板间温度以及控制器温度,母线电压欠压过压保护,三相电流保护,逆变回路上电自检测等方面进行故障检测和动作分析,从而保证控制系统安全可靠运行。在整车控制上,对防滑坡、误挂档、定速巡航和能量回馈等功能进行设计研究,提高了驱动控制系统的性能。为了验证本课题所提出的控制策略的可行性,开发出了一套基于英飞凌公司的32位高性能汽车级微处理芯片TriCore1782的峰值功率为50kW、峰值转速为7000r min、峰值转矩为160N.m的电动汽车用永磁同步电机驱动控制系统。通过Tasking编程环境,采用模块化的设计思路对软件进行了详细研究,设计了主要子模块的控制流程图以及接口函数。最后,基于实验平台完成了恒速加载实验、初始定位验证实验和整车路面实验,验证了本文控制系统所设计方案的有效性。
[Abstract]:Based on the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Fault diagnosis and Fault-tolerant Control of Multiphase Motor Drive Control system for Electric vehicle (No. 61603263)" and "Research on Fault diagnosis method of six-phase permanent Magnet Motor driving system for Electric vehicle (LGD2016030)", the key technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system for electric vehicle is studied in this paper. The vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the maximum torque / current ratio control in constant torque region and the weak magnetic control in constant power region are studied in this paper, and the wide range and high speed stable operation of PMSM is realized. On the basis of engineering practice, the protection strategy of motor drive controller of electric vehicle and the related functions of whole vehicle logic are analyzed and studied in detail. The main work is reflected in the following aspects: in this paper, the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used as the driving motor. The space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology is used to maximize the battery utilization under the premise of battery voltage limitation, and the maximum torque / current ratio (MTPA) is used to control the optimal combination of AC axis and straight axis current to minimize the stator current and achieve the optimization of system efficiency. In order to meet the requirements of electric vehicle for wide speed range of motor drive system, a weak magnetic field control algorithm is designed to improve the running speed range of the motor. In order to verify the effectiveness of the designed control strategy, a vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on rotor magnetic field orientation is built by using Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The control system is simulated and the results are analyzed. In order to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy of the initial position of the rotor at high speed, the symmetry method is used to detect the initial position of the rotor. Through the absolute position of the rotor measured four times, the average value of the results is obtained, thus the accuracy of the initial position detection is improved. Based on the modular design idea, the protection strategy of motor drive controller and the logic related functions of the whole vehicle are deeply studied. From two aspects of temperature fault detection and hardware fault detection, the fault detection and action analysis are carried out from the aspects of motor temperature, three-phase bridge arm temperature, inter-plate temperature, controller temperature, bus voltage undervoltage overvoltage protection, three-phase current protection, inverter circuit self-detection and so on, so as to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the control system. In the whole vehicle control, the functions of landslide prevention, misregistration, constant speed cruise and energy feedback are designed and studied, which improves the performance of the drive control system. In order to verify the feasibility of the control strategy proposed in this paper, a set of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive control system for electric vehicles based on Infineon 32-bit high performance automobile class microprocessing chip TriCore1782 with peak power of 50kW and peak speed of 7000r min, peak torque of 160N.m is developed. Through Tasking programming environment, the software is studied in detail by using modular design idea, and the control flow chart and interface function of the main sub-modules are designed. Finally, the constant speed loading experiment, the initial positioning verification experiment and the vehicle pavement experiment are completed based on the experimental platform, and the effectiveness of the control system designed in this paper is verified.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72
本文编号：2508160
[Abstract]:Based on the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Fault diagnosis and Fault-tolerant Control of Multiphase Motor Drive Control system for Electric vehicle (No. 61603263)" and "Research on Fault diagnosis method of six-phase permanent Magnet Motor driving system for Electric vehicle (LGD2016030)", the key technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system for electric vehicle is studied in this paper. The vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the maximum torque / current ratio control in constant torque region and the weak magnetic control in constant power region are studied in this paper, and the wide range and high speed stable operation of PMSM is realized. On the basis of engineering practice, the protection strategy of motor drive controller of electric vehicle and the related functions of whole vehicle logic are analyzed and studied in detail. The main work is reflected in the following aspects: in this paper, the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used as the driving motor. The space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology is used to maximize the battery utilization under the premise of battery voltage limitation, and the maximum torque / current ratio (MTPA) is used to control the optimal combination of AC axis and straight axis current to minimize the stator current and achieve the optimization of system efficiency. In order to meet the requirements of electric vehicle for wide speed range of motor drive system, a weak magnetic field control algorithm is designed to improve the running speed range of the motor. In order to verify the effectiveness of the designed control strategy, a vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on rotor magnetic field orientation is built by using Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The control system is simulated and the results are analyzed. In order to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy of the initial position of the rotor at high speed, the symmetry method is used to detect the initial position of the rotor. Through the absolute position of the rotor measured four times, the average value of the results is obtained, thus the accuracy of the initial position detection is improved. Based on the modular design idea, the protection strategy of motor drive controller and the logic related functions of the whole vehicle are deeply studied. From two aspects of temperature fault detection and hardware fault detection, the fault detection and action analysis are carried out from the aspects of motor temperature, three-phase bridge arm temperature, inter-plate temperature, controller temperature, bus voltage undervoltage overvoltage protection, three-phase current protection, inverter circuit self-detection and so on, so as to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the control system. In the whole vehicle control, the functions of landslide prevention, misregistration, constant speed cruise and energy feedback are designed and studied, which improves the performance of the drive control system. In order to verify the feasibility of the control strategy proposed in this paper, a set of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive control system for electric vehicles based on Infineon 32-bit high performance automobile class microprocessing chip TriCore1782 with peak power of 50kW and peak speed of 7000r min, peak torque of 160N.m is developed. Through Tasking programming environment, the software is studied in detail by using modular design idea, and the control flow chart and interface function of the main sub-modules are designed. Finally, the constant speed loading experiment, the initial positioning verification experiment and the vehicle pavement experiment are completed based on the experimental platform, and the effectiveness of the control system designed in this paper is verified.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72
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