基于机会约束规划的含风场的优化调度问题

发布时间：2018-01-06 08:37

本文关键词：基于机会约束规划的含风场的优化调度问题　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的不断发展，人类对能源的需求量越来越大，化石能源储量的日渐减少以及环境污染问题的日益严重使得风能的重要性越来越受到人们的重视。风能具有可再生、无污染、成本低、储量大等优点，在新能源发电领域具有不可替代的地位，但是，风能的分布受气候的影响比较大，具有随机性、间歇性、波动性和不确定性等特点，风电的大规模并网会给电力系统带来很多不利影响。为了减小风电并网对电力系统的影响，传统的优化调度方法存在很多局限性，因此需要寻求更为合理有效的方法对含风场的电力系统进行优化调度研究。首先从风功率波动特性分析入手，，采用Mallat分解算法对风电场的风功率实测数据进行分解，分解出风功率平均值数据和小时级分量的波动量，拟合得到两者之间具体的函数关系，将风功率的波动量用含有风功率平均值的函数关系式来表示，从而可以根据每一时刻风功率的平均值计算出该时刻风功率波动量的大小，将风功率波动量进行量化。其次，建立了基于机会约束规划的优化调度模型，使用机会约束规划的方法对传统的确定性优化调度模型进行改进，将含有随机变量的目标函数和约束条件用满足一定置信度水平的概率形式来表达，并将风功率波动特性的函数表达式用于机会约束规划模型中，使得所建立的模型更加符合实际情况。进一步对所提出的模型进行求解，由于模型中含有机会约束，传统方法已不再适用，因此使用基于随机模拟的遗传算法对模型进行求解，通过算例分析比较风功率波动特性和风功率预测误差对系统成本的影响，并对所提出的模型及算法的有效性进行了验证。最后，根据自动发电控制(AGC)的原理与功能，分别搭建了单区域系统调频模型和双区域系统调频模型，通过将前面得到的调度结果输入模型并对模型进行仿真，比较风功率波动特性与风功率预测误差对系统调频的影响，通过仿真结果可以看出，区域系统互联后，各个区域的频率偏差都得到了相应减小。根据以上研究成果可以看出，本文提出的模型及算法更加符合风电接入后电网调度的实际情况，可以起到降低系统成本、提高调度经济性、减小系统频率偏差、优化电网调度的目的，对大规模风电接入电网后调度指令的制定具有一定的指导意义。本文工作得到了国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)《智能电网中大规模新能源电力安全高效利用基础研究》（子课题一：新能源电力系统动力学特性及建模理论）(2012CB215201)以及国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)重大项目《高渗透率间歇性能源的区域电网关键技术研究和示范》(2011AA05A105)的资助。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the demand for energy is increasing. With the decrease of fossil energy reserves and environmental pollution, people pay more and more attention to the importance of wind energy. Wind energy has the advantages of renewable, pollution-free, low cost, large reserves and so on. In the field of new energy generation, there is an irreplaceable position. However, the distribution of wind energy is greatly affected by climate, with the characteristics of randomness, intermittence, volatility and uncertainty. The large-scale wind power grid connection will bring a lot of adverse effects to the power system. In order to reduce the impact of wind power grid connection on the power system, the traditional optimal dispatching method has many limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to find a more reasonable and effective method to study the optimal dispatching of power system with wind field. Firstly, the wind power fluctuation characteristics are analyzed, and the wind power measured data of wind farm are decomposed by Mallat decomposition algorithm to decompose the average wind power data and the fluctuation of the hourly component. The specific functional relationship between the two is obtained, and the fluctuation of wind power is expressed by the functional relationship with the mean wind power. According to the average value of wind power at each moment, the magnitude of wind power fluctuation can be calculated, and the fluctuation of wind power can be quantified. Secondly, the optimal scheduling model based on opportunistic constraint programming is established, and the traditional deterministic optimal scheduling model is improved by using the method of opportunistic constrained programming. The objective function and constraint conditions with random variables are expressed in the probability form of certain confidence level, and the function expression of wind power fluctuation characteristic is used in the opportunistic constrained programming model. The model is more in line with the actual situation. Further, the proposed model is solved. Because of the opportunity constraints in the model, the traditional method is no longer applicable, so the genetic algorithm based on stochastic simulation is used to solve the model. The effects of wind power fluctuation characteristics and wind power prediction error on the system cost are analyzed and compared by an example, and the validity of the proposed model and algorithm is verified. Finally, according to the principle and function of AGC, the single region system FM model and the dual area system FM model are built. By inputting the former scheduling results into the model and simulating the model, the influence of wind power fluctuation characteristics and wind power prediction error on the frequency modulation of the system is compared. The simulation results show that the regional system is interconnected. The frequency deviation of each region is reduced accordingly. According to the above research results, we can see that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper are more in line with the actual situation of grid dispatching after wind power access, can reduce the system cost and improve the dispatching economy. The purpose of reducing the system frequency deviation and optimizing the power grid dispatching has a certain guiding significance for the establishment of dispatching instructions after large-scale wind power is connected to the power network. The work of this paper has been obtained from the National key basic Research and Development Plan, "basic Research on the safe and efficient Utilization of Large-Scale New Energy and Electric Power in Smart Grid" (. Subproject 1: dynamic characteristics and Modeling Theory of New Energy Power system. Research and demonstration of key Technologies in Regional Power Grid for High permeability intermittent Energy.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM614

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