垂直轴风力机气动特性及变桨规律研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 04:32

本文关键词：垂直轴风力机气动特性及变桨规律研究　出处：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：风能作为新能源中产业化程度最高的一类能源,在新能源战略产业发展中占有着举足轻重的地位。垂直轴风力机虽凭借竖轴、无需对风、直叶片等特点受到青睐,但无法自启动与低效率问题大大限制了工程应用。作为有效解决方案之一的变桨式垂直轴风力机,其研究目前主要存在如下问题:叶片动态气动性能的相关实验数据获取十分困难;现有理论研究对叶片动态气动性能的认识尚未明确;基于实验的有效变桨规律尚未形成系统,变桨规律有效机制尚不明确;面向工程应用的变桨规律研究还尚未被涉及。本课题在黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“垂直轴风力发电机的变桨控制规律研究”(E201216)与中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“竖轴风力发电机机电一体化设计及最优变桨距控制技术”(HEUCFZ1118)的资助下,主要采用实验方法针对以上问题进行研究。在分析垂直轴风力机运行机理的基础上,提出垂直轴风力机实验研究对气动实验平台的设计要求。对风力机运行环境——大气边界层底层的典型风特性进行研究,确定风洞设计指标,研制翼型实验风洞、风力机实验风洞以及相应的风场测量装置。提出翼型静态气动性能测量方案并研制翼型静态气动性能实验台。针对变桨式垂直轴风力机实验研究,提出一种风力机动态气动驱动力矩测量方案,设计两种角加速度测量方案以及相应的数据处理方法,并研制变桨式垂直轴风力机实验样机。进行系统的单叶定桨实验,测量定桨叶片在不同尖速比、不同桨距角下的动态驱动力矩。根据叶片动态驱动力矩实验数据,进行叶片受力机理研究,从动态临界失速角、驱动力矩峰值发生位置、最大驱动力矩峰值发生位置等角度分析叶片动态受力特性。根据叶片动态受力特性,修正现有动态失速模型对翼型动态失速角的取值方法。提出一种局部的随动流管假设,在双盘面单流管模型基础上结合修正后的动态失速模型,建立一种双盘面随动流管模型。采用现有垂直轴风力机的实验数据对模型计算准确性进行验证。基于叶素理论计算理论变桨规律,研究理论变桨规律与翼型静态气动特性的关系,针对理论变桨规律的突变现象研究变桨规律修正方法。根据单叶定桨实验数据,进行变桨规律拟合研究。结合拟合变桨规律与叶片动态受力特性,提炼变桨规律设计原则。提出三种桨距角过渡方案,建立三种变桨规律数学模型。进行单叶变桨实验,验证变桨规律数学模型的有效性。进行面向工程应用的变桨规律研究。实验研究叶片翼型与弦径比对叶片动态气动特性的影响。分别针对某非对称翼型与弦径比设计变桨规律,实验研究变桨规律数学模型对其他翼型、其他弦径比的适用性,并分析非翼型与弦径比对变桨叶片气动性能的影响。实验研究变桨误差对变桨叶片气动性能的影响,包括尖速比误差与方位角误差的影响,给出尖速比许可误差范围与方位角许可误差范围,为变桨误差抑制方案提供设计指标。进行变桨式垂直轴风力机实验研究。进行定桨风力机与变桨风力机的对比实验,研究变桨规律数学模型对变桨式垂直轴风力机的有效性。进行不同叶片数、不同弦径比、不同翼型下的变桨风力机性能实验,研究叶片数、弦径比与翼型对变桨式垂直轴风力机性能的影响。
[Abstract]:Wind energy as a kind of new energy industry in the highest level, in the new energy industry development strategy occupies a pivotal position. The vertical axis wind turbine is on the vertical axis, no wind, straight blade features favored, but not from the start with the low efficiency problem greatly limits the application as effective. To solve the pitch type vertical axis wind turbine is one of the current research project, mainly has the following problems: the experimental data of blade dynamic aerodynamic performance is very difficult to obtain; understanding of the existing theoretical research on aerodynamic performance of blade dynamic gas is not clear; the system has not yet formed effective pitch rules based on experiment, the effective mechanism of law is variable pitch study on the pitch is not clear; rules for engineering application has not yet been involved in this article. The Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Fund Project "Research on control law of variable pitch vertical axis wind turbine "(E201216) and funded by the fundamental research funds for the Central Universities" vertical axis wind turbine Mechatronics design and optimal pitch control technology "(HEUCFZ1118) funding, mainly by experiment to solve the above problems. Based on the analysis of vertical axis wind turbine operating mechanism, the design requirement of wind turbine experiment on the vertical axis. The experimental platform for the research of typical gas wind characteristics of wind turbine operating environment, atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel bottom, determine the design index, development of wind turbine airfoil wind tunnel experiment, wind tunnel experiment and the corresponding wind field measurement device. The static airfoil aerodynamic performance measurement scheme and development of airfoil static aerodynamic performance test Taiwan is proposed. For the pitch type vertical axis wind turbine experimental research, a wind turbine aerodynamic torque measurement scheme, design two kinds of angular acceleration measurement Program and the corresponding data processing method, and the development of pitch type VAWT prototype system. The single fixed pitch propeller blade measurement experiment in different tip speed ratio, dynamic driving moment of different pitch angle. The driving torque according to the experimental data for dynamic blade, blade stress from dynamic mechanism research the critical angle of stall, the driving torque peak position, maximum driving torque peak position of blade dynamic stress characteristics. According to the stress characteristics of blade dynamic correction, the existing dynamic stall model of airfoil dynamic stall angle value method. This paper proposes a local move along with the flow tube hypothesis, combined with the dynamic stall model after correction in the double disk single tube flow model based on the establishment of a double disk servo stream tube model. The model calculation was conducted to verify the accuracy of existing experimental data. Based on the vertical axis wind turbine The blade element theory calculation theory of pitch law, theory of law and relationship between propeller static aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil, the mutation phenomenon on the variable pitch propeller correction method of law law theory. According to the experimental data of single propeller, variable propeller fitting study law. With the fitting force characteristics of pitch pattern and leaf dynamics refined pitch rule design principle. Put forward three kinds of pitch transition plan, three kinds of mathematical models established. The pitch of one variable propeller pitch experiment, validate the mathematical models of pitch. Rules for engineering application. Experimental research on blade airfoil and chord diameter ratio on the aerodynamic characteristics of blade dynamic effect. For airfoil and a string of asymmetric pitch diameter ratio design rules and Experimental Research on pitch mathematical models for other airfoils, other aspect ratio and applicability analysis of non airfoil and string variable diameter ratio Influence of blade aerodynamic performance. Experimental study of pitch error on variable pitch blades on the aerodynamic performance, including the effect of tip speed ratio error and azimuth error, given the tip speed ratio error range and azimuth license license error, pitch error suppression scheme design index. The pitch type vertical shaft the experimental research of wind turbine. The fixed pitch wind turbine with variable pitch wind turbine Experiment Study on the validity of mathematical models of variable pitch propeller type vertical axis wind turbine. The different number of blades, different aspect ratio, variable pitch wind turbine airfoil under different experimental study, leaf number, string size influence of the pitch and the airfoil type vertical axis wind turbine performance.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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