核电站主控室人—系界面综合评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 14:17

本文关键词：核电站主控室人—系界面综合评价方法研究　出处：《哈尔滨工程大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：核电站主控室是对核电站运行状态进行监视和控制的安全中枢,是人-系交互最为频繁的场所,其人-系界面设计的优劣对核电站的运行安全有着至关重要的影响。核电站主控室人-系界面综合评价是核电站投入运营必须履行的安全审查程序。因此,开展人-系界面综合评价研究不仅具有重要的理论意义,同时也具有重要的工程应用价值。本文以核电站主控制室人-系界面为研究对象,总结了人-系界面的演变及评价研究的发展与现状。在综合分析国内外人-系界面综合评价理论及相关评价技术的基础上,提出了目前存在的问题,确定了本文的研究内容。主要研究工作如下:分析了国内外人-系界面的标准、规范和导则,结合国内已颁布的标准的实际情况,确定了核电站主控室人-系界面综合评价研究中应遵循的标准。根据评价指标体系建立的原则,结合专家质量模型和德尔菲法,构建了核电站主控室人-系界面综合评价指标体系,并对该指标体系的有效性和稳定性进行了验证。在分析层次扩展赋权法优劣的基础上,并且根据人-系界面评价指标多层次、多属性的特点,提出了基于模糊区间数的权重分配方法。通过建立标度转换模型,得到了模糊区间数判断矩阵,改进了传统的判断矩阵标度体系。在此基础上,将判断矩阵进行一致性逼近,结合误差传递理论,得到评价指标权重的估计区间序列,并构建了该序列的模糊重心决策模型。同时,引入置信度以检验评价指标权重分配的可靠程度。研究了核电站主控室人-系界面综合评价方法。首先,建立了基于灰色物元分析方法的人-系界面评价复合灰元矩阵。对于复合灰元矩阵中定量评价指标不可公度的问题,建立了基于测量性工效学的量化评价模型;对于定性评价指标难以量化问题,建立了基于专家模糊决策的量化评价模型;对于人-系界面要素的排序问题,建立了基于模拟退火-蚁群算法的排序评价模型。然后,建立了评价指标的灰经典域和灰节域,通过关联函数得到上层指标的评价结果。最后,由构建的人-系界面综合评价集结模型对上述评价结果进行综合,得到人-系界面综合评价结果。创建了满足中国成年人人体尺寸标准的评价用操纵员人体模型。该模型可根据评价的需要选择人体模型的百分位数和姿态,具有评价所需的作业空间基准、可随头部转动的字符视角基准和关节调节功能,能完成作业空间、可视性和舒适性评价。开发了核电站主控室人-系界面综合评价软件。集成了评价指标体系、权值分配、综合评价方法、标准查询体系以及人体模型等评价模块,实现了基于同一软件平台的核电站主控室人-系界面综合评价,提高了评价工作的效率和准确性。采用提出的人-系界面综合评价方法及开发的评价软件,对某核电站主控室人-系界面进行了评价,并依据评价结果对人-系界面进行了改进和验证,结果表明了本文提出的核电站主控室人-系界面综合评价方法的可行和有效。
[Abstract]:Master control room in nuclear power station is the central safety monitor and control the operation of the nuclear power plant state, is the most frequent interaction - place, human system plays a very important role in the interface design of the merits of the nuclear power station safe operation of nuclear power plant. The main control room - Department of comprehensive evaluation interface is a nuclear power plant investment the operation must fulfill the security review process. Therefore, to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the system interface not only has important theoretical significance, but also has important application value in engineering. Based on the nuclear power station main control room - line interface as the research object, summarizes the status and development of human system interface evolution and evaluation of research based on the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign department and related evaluation theory of interface technology, proposed the existing problems, determine the content of this article. The main research work is as follows: the analysis of domestic and foreign - system interface standards, norms and guidelines, combined with the actual situation of domestic standards have been promulgated, the master control room in nuclear power station - system should follow the comprehensive evaluation of the interface standard. According to the principle of establishing evaluation index system, combined with expert quality model and Delphy Fa, construction of the nuclear power station main control room of people - the Department of comprehensive evaluation index system of interface, and the index system of the validity and stability are verified. Expansion in the level of analysis based on the advantages and disadvantages of weighting method, and according to the evaluation index system of human interface multi-level, multi attribute characteristics, puts forward the fuzzy weight allocation method based on interval number. Through the establishment of scale the conversion model, get the fuzzy interval number judgment matrix, improved judgment matrix the traditional scaling system. On this basis, the judgment matrix consistency approximation, combined with the error transfer theory, get the weight of evaluation index The interval estimation sequence, and constructs the decision model of the fuzzy gravity sequence. At the same time, the introduction of confidence to test the evaluation index weight distribution. The reliability of nuclear power plant main control room - Department of comprehensive evaluation interface method. First, based on grey matter element analysis method of the human system interface composite grey evaluation element matrix. The composite grey element matrix for the quantitative evaluation index of incommensurable problem, establishes a quantitative evaluation model based on the measurement of ergonomics; it is difficult to quantify the qualitative indicators, established quantitative evaluation model based on fuzzy decision expert system for scheduling problems; one of the interface elements, a sort of evaluation simulated annealing model based on ant colony algorithm. Then, establishes the evaluation index of the classical domain and joint domain gray ash, get the upper index evaluation results by correlation function. Finally, by constructing the human community system Comprehensive evaluation of the surface aggregation model evaluation results are integrated to get people - Department of comprehensive evaluation results. The evaluation interface created to meet the human dimensions standard China adults with operator body model. The model can choose the model of human body percentiles and attitude according to the needs of the evaluation, benchmarking with operation space required. With the head rotation and joint angle character reference adjustment function, can complete the work space, visibility and comfort evaluation. The master control room in nuclear power station - Department of comprehensive evaluation of interface software development. Integrated evaluation index system, weight distribution, comprehensive evaluation method, the standard query evaluation system and model of the human body module. The comprehensive evaluation of the same interface software platform based on the nuclear power station main control room - system, improve the efficiency and accuracy of the evaluation work. The comprehensive evaluation system of human interface method And the evaluation software is evaluated, and the human system interface of a nuclear power plant's main control room is evaluated. Based on the evaluation results, the human system interface is improved and verified. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation method of human interface in nuclear power plant's main control room is feasible and effective.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM623

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