新型无机化合物材料在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用

发布时间：2018-01-10 22:04

本文关键词：新型无机化合物材料在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对电极是染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的重要组成部分,主要负责将外电路电子传递到对电极／电解质界面上以及催化还原氧化态电解质。传统的DSSC对电极是镀铂的导电玻璃,但铂是稀有贵金属,而且铂电极制备过程耗能较高,不利于DSSC大规模工业化生产。因此研究新型廉价、高效的对电极催化材料具有重大的意义。本文以不同无机化合物对电极材料为研究对象,开展了以下具有创新性的研究工作。(1)通过简单的原位水热合成方法制备NiS2@RGO纳米复合物,并用滴涂法将复合材料制备成新型DSSC对电极。由电化学表征的结果可知,复合材料中NiS2与RGO对I3-离子的还原反应有积极的协同效应,提高了电极材料的催化活性,使DSSC的能量转换效率得到明显提高。以NiS2@RGO对电极组装的DSSC的能量转换效率达到了8.55%,明显高于以NiS2对电极组装的DSSC (PCE=7.02%)及以RGO对电极组装的DSSC (PCE=3.14%).在光伏性能方面,NiS2@RGO对电极表现甚至优于Pt对电极,表明了所制备的复合材料是潜在的可替代Pt的优良DSSC电极材料。(2)采用简单的一步水热合成方法,制备了石墨烯状的MoSe2,并通过滴涂法制备成新型的DSSC对电极。通过一系列的电化学行为的表征测试,证明层状的MoSe2晶体对I3-离子的还原反应具有良好的电催化活性。由所制备的MoSe2对电极组装的DSSC光伏性能优异,能量转换效率达到了7.98%,接近于Pt电极组装的DSSC(其能量转换效率为8.22%)。(3)利用氧化石墨(GO)纳米片层上的含氧官能团与金属硒化物的化学作用,通过简单的自组装方法,成功制备了Co0.85Se/GO及Ni0.85Se/GO复合薄膜,然后用原位还原的方法将Co0.85Se/GO及Ni0.85Se/GO复合薄膜转变为Co0.85Se/RGO及Ni0.85Se/RGO膜。研究发现复合薄膜内Co0.85Se或Co0.85Se与RGO纳米片对I3-离子的还原反应有协同催化效应,提高了电极的催化活性,使得组装的DSSCs光电性能得到提高。以Co0.85Se/RGO及Nio.ssSe/RGO对电极组装的DSSC的能量转换效率达到了8.91%及7.78%,相比Co0.85Se,Ni0.85Se及RGO电极组装的器件提高了很多。该方法制备的对电极金属硒化物负载量低,生产工艺简单,进一步降低对电极的生产成本。同时也是一种提高金属硒化物导电性能及综合性能的简单方式,为研究新型廉价高效的DSSC对电极提高新的思路。
[Abstract]:The electrode is a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an important component, is mainly responsible for the external circuit of electron transfer to the electrode / electrolyte interface and catalytic redox state electrolyte. The traditional DSSC conductive glass platinum plated on the electrode, but platinum is rare and precious metals, platinum electrode and preparation process of high energy consumption. DSSC is not conducive to large-scale industrial production. So the research on the model of cheap, efficient of electrode materials is of great significance. In this paper, different inorganic compounds on the electrode material as the research object, carried out the following research work is innovative. (1) preparation of NiS2@RGO nanocomposites by in situ hydrothermal synthesis method has the advantages of simple preparation, and drop by drop coating method of composite material prepared by DSSC on the new electrode. Electrochemical characterization results show that the reduction reaction of NiS2 and RGO in the composite of I3- ion has a positive synergistic effect, To improve the catalytic activity of the electrode material, the energy conversion efficiency of DSSC was improved. The NiS2@RGO of the electrode assembly DSSC energy conversion efficiency reached 8.55%, significantly higher than the NiS2 of the electrode assembly DSSC (PCE=7.02%) DSSC and RGO on the electrode assembly (PCE= 3.14%). In the photovoltaic performance of NiS2@RGO. The performance is even better than that of Pt electrode on the electrode, indicated that composite materials prepared is a potential alternative to Pt DSSC with excellent electrode material. (2) a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method is simple, graphene like MoSe2 was prepared by drop coating prepared by the method of model DSSC on the electrode. Characterization of the electrochemical behavior of a series of proof reduction reaction of MoSe2 crystals of I3- ions exhibited good electrocatalytic activity. DSSC photovoltaic performance by the preparation of MoSe2 on the electrode assembly is excellent, the energy conversion efficiency reached 7.98 %, close to the Pt electrode assembly of DSSC (the energy conversion efficiency of 8.22%). (3) using graphite oxide (GO) oxygen-containing functional groups and metal selenide nano layers on chemistry, through the self-assembly of simple methods, Co0.85Se/GO and Ni0.85Se/GO composite thin films were successfully prepared, then by in situ reduction of Co0.85Se/GO and Ni0.85Se/GO composite film into Co0.85Se/RGO and Ni0.85Se/RGO films. The results indicated that the reduction reaction of composite films Co0.85Se or Co0.85Se and RGO nanosheets of I3- ion have synergistic catalytic effect, improve the catalytic activity of the electrode, the DSSCs photoelectric properties are improved. The assembly of Co0.85Se/RGO and Nio.ssSe/RGO on the electrode assembly the DSSC of the energy conversion efficiency reached 8.91% and 7.78%, compared to Co0.85Se, Ni0.85Se and RGO electrode device assembly is improved a lot. The preparation method of the electrode metal selenide load The production process is simple, and the production cost of electrodes is further reduced. It is also a simple way to improve the conductivity and comprehensive properties of metal selenide, so as to improve the new cheap and efficient DSSC counter electrode.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

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