基于声卡的音频信号频谱仪的研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 08:49

本文关键词：基于声卡的音频信号频谱仪的研究　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着计算机技术日新月异的发展和信号处理理论的完善,原本复杂容易受到干扰的模拟信号可以通过转化为数字信号进行处理。声音信号就是其应用的典型例子,数字信号处理就是音频分析的理论基础,而将信号数字化则是数字信号处理的前提条件,本文所介绍的音频分析就是将数字音频信号作为信号的分析对象,通过时域和频域的分析得到相关的分析参数。人类能够听见的频率范围大约是在20HZ至20KHZ,其中我们的语音室分布在了300HZ至3400HZ左右,声音经过模拟设备保存和播放呈现模拟音频的形态,将模拟信号在通过数字化就成为了数字音频,随着声卡技术的发展,现在计算机所配备的声卡,在音频的频率采集范围已经具有不低于专业采集卡的性能,这为我们生成低成本的音频分析仪提供了一种思路。NI公司开发的图形化编辑语言LabVIEW,对虚拟仪器的开发起到了绝对的推进作用,将虚拟仪器与计算机相结合,通过软件开发就能实现仪器的测试测量功能,LabVIEW语言提供丰富的应用接口和模块化的数字处理方法,用户可以很清楚的操作仪器的硬件,实时地对所要测试的数据进行各种分析和处理。本文所设计的音频分析系统主要包括三部分:信号的采集和保存,信号分析,信号处理。数据采集程序根据用户设置的声音格式从声卡对语音信号进行采集。数据采集过程分为三步:初始化/配置声卡、信号采样及释放声卡。用户可以通过波形显示窗口直接对采集到的原始信号进行观察;采集到的信号还被送到信号测量及分析模块进行测量和分析处理。本文采用LabView平台的虚拟仪器技术和声卡的DSP技术,设计了一个具有较高采样精度、中等采样频率的基于普通计算机声卡的虚拟音频信号分析系统。如果在PC上配置多块声卡并行,只需稍加修改,就可构成一个多通道音频信号采集及测量分析系统。采用本文方法设计的系统性价比高,通用性强,可推广到语音识别、噪声监测等多种工程测量及实验室应用,具有较好的实用性。本文创新:提出了基于LabView平台和普通计算机声卡的音频信号采集、分析方案,并对实际音频信号测量中的误差问题给出了相应的解决方法。该方案不仅可以用于实验室环境下的音频信号分析,还可以进一步推广到工业中的音频信号检测及智能信号分析系统
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer technology and the improvement of signal processing theory. The original complex and easily interfered analog signal can be transformed into digital signal for processing. Sound signal is a typical example of its application. Digital signal processing is the theoretical basis of audio analysis. Digital signal is the precondition of digital signal processing. The audio analysis introduced in this paper takes the digital audio signal as the signal analysis object. The related analysis parameters are obtained from time domain and frequency domain. The frequency range that human can hear is about 20HZ to 20kHz. Among them, our language lab is distributed from 300Hz to 3400HZ, the sound is saved and played by analog equipment to present the form of analog audio, and the analog signal becomes digital audio through digitization. With the development of sound card technology, the sound card equipped by the computer now has no lower performance than the professional acquisition card in the frequency acquisition range of the audio frequency. This provides us with a way to generate low-cost audio analyzer. The graphic editing language LabVIEW developed by NI Company plays an absolute role in the development of virtual instruments. With the combination of virtual instrument and computer, the testing and measuring function of instrument can be realized by software development. LabVIEW provides abundant application interface and modular digital processing method. Users can clearly operate the hardware of the instrument, real-time analysis and processing of the data to be tested. The audio analysis system designed in this paper mainly includes three parts: signal acquisition and storage. Signal analysis, signal processing. The data acquisition program collects the voice signal from the sound card according to the sound format set by the user. The data acquisition process is divided into three steps: initializing / configuring the sound card. Signal sampling and releasing sound card. The user can observe the original signal directly through the waveform display window. The collected signals are also sent to the signal measurement and analysis module for measurement and analysis. This paper adopts the virtual instrument technology of LabView platform and the DSP technology of sound card. A virtual audio signal analysis system based on ordinary computer sound card with high sampling precision and medium sampling frequency is designed. A multi-channel audio signal acquisition and measurement and analysis system can be constructed. The system designed by this method has high performance-price ratio, strong generality, and can be extended to speech recognition. Noise monitoring and other engineering measurement and laboratory applications have good practicability. This paper innovates: the audio signal acquisition and analysis scheme based on LabView platform and ordinary computer sound card is put forward. The corresponding solution to the error problem in the actual audio signal measurement is given, which can not only be used in the analysis of the audio signal in the laboratory environment. It can also be extended to the audio signal detection and intelligent signal analysis system in industry.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM935.21

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