层状二硫化钼纳米复合材料在超级电容器中的应用

发布时间：2018-01-22 07:09

本文关键词： 二硫化钼聚苯胺石墨烯碳纳米管碳气凝胶超级电容器纳米复合材料　出处：《信阳师范学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：能源危机已经成为全球性的问题并引起了广泛的关注,探索具有优越性能的新材料来解决能源问题已经成为科学家们最重要的使命之一。超级电容器作为一种新型储能装置有很多优异性能：能量密度高、功率密度大、循环寿命长、充放电时间短、绿色环保等,已成为国内外清洁能源的研究热点,特别是在最近几年在全球范围已经引起了学术界和商业界的广泛关注。发展超级电容器最有效的方式就是研发出具有优越性能的电极材料。层状二硫化钼纳米片具有独特的二维层状结构、大的比表面积和好的导电性能,近来在能源领域引起了科学家们的关注。然而单纯的二硫化铝的导电性能相对于碳基材料如石墨烯等还比较低,难以获得较大的电容量。为此,我们将二硫化钼纳米片与碳基材料如石墨烯、碳气凝胶、碳纳米管以及导电聚合物聚苯胺进行复合,制备了儿种高性能的超级电容器电极材料。主要实验内容如下： (1)利用水热法制备了二硫化钼/石墨烯复合物,对MoS2/Gr复合材料形貌进行表征和电化学性能测试,MoS2沉积在Gr上防止阻止了Gr纳米片的堆积并形成宽松的结构有利于质子和电子在活性物质和电解液之间的快速传递,提高其利用率；同时Gr纳米片较大的空间能够负载MoS2有利于MoS2活性分子释放,从而提高了复合材料的电容性。在电流密度为1A/g时,MoS2/Gr (?)匕电容达到了243F/g并且在循环充放电1000圈后其比电容只损失了7.7%,表明二硫化钼/石墨烯复合材料具有良好的超级电容性能。 (2)利用水热法制备了二硫化钼/碳气凝胶复合物,对MoS2/Carbon Aerogel复合材料形貌进行了表征和电化学性能进行了测试,Carbon Aerogel嵌入到MoS2纳米片中有效阻止了MoS2纳米片的团聚从而有效的增大了复合材料的比表面积,同时Carbon Aerogel负载在MoS2纳米片上形成孔穴来储存电子从而进一步提高电子在有限电极材料中的快速传递能力,进而使复合材料的电化学活性得到有效的提高,在电流密度为1A/g时,MoS2/Carbon Aerogel的比电容达到260F/g并且在循环充放电500圈后其比电容只损失了4%,这些表明二硫化钼／碳气凝胶复合材料具有良好的超级电容性能。 (3)利用水热法制备了二硫化钼／多壁碳纳米管复合物,对MoS2/MWCNTs复合材料形貌进行了表征和电化学性能进行测试,可以看到MWCNTs交错地纠缠在MoS2纳米片上组成3D结构的MoS2/MWCNTs复合物,这种3D结构有利于增加复合材料的比表面积,同时结构中MoS2纳米片的堆叠将会形成相互交错的网架更加方便电子和质子的传递,从而提高了MoS2/MWCNTs的电容性能。在电流密度为1A/g时,MoS2/MWCNTs比电容高达452.7F/g并且在循环充放电1000圈后其比电容只损失了4.2%,表明二硫化钼/多壁碳纳米管复合材料具有良好的超级电容性能。 (4)利用水热法制备了分散性好的二硫化钼纳米片,并对其形貌进行了表征。采用简单的一步原位聚合法制备了二硫化钼/聚苯胺复合物。对PANI/MoS2复合材料形貌表进行了表征和电化学性能测试,PANI嵌入和堆积在到MoS2纳米片上,阻止了MoS2纳米片的堆积,从而有效增大了复合材料的比表面积,同时PANI负载在MoS2纳米片上形成孔穴来储存离子,从而提高了电子和质子在电极材料中的快速传递能力,使复合材料的电化学性能显著提高。PANI/MoS2复合材料在电流密度为1A/g时比电容达到了575F/g,同时由于PANI分子插入到MoS2纳米片中可以避免PANI在氧化还原过程中因分子骨架的变形而造成电极材料的损坏,提高了复合材料的循环稳定性,在恒电流充放电500圈后其比电容只损失了2%,这说明复合材料具有良好的电容性能。
[Abstract]:The energy crisis has become a global problem and aroused widespread concern, to explore new materials with superior performance to solve the energy problem has become one of the most important scientists. The mission of supercapacitor is a new energy storage device has a lot of excellent performance: high energy density, high power density, long cycle life, charge and discharge short time, green environmental protection, has become a hot research topic at home and abroad of clean energy, especially in recent years in the world has attracted widespread attention in academic circles and business circles. The development of super capacitor is the most effective way is to develop electrode materials with superior properties. Layered MoS2 Nanoplates with layered structure two unique, large specific surface area and good conductive properties, has attracted the attention of scientists in the field of energy. However, the conductive properties of the pure aluminum sulfide two Compared with carbon based materials such as graphene is still relatively low, it is difficult to obtain larger capacitance. Therefore, we will molybdenum disulfide and carbon based materials such as graphene, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes and conductive polymer polyaniline composite super capacitor electrode material for high performance were prepared. The main experiment the contents are as follows:
(1) MoS2 / graphene composites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, and electrochemical properties to characterize the morphology of the MoS2/Gr composites, MoS2 deposition in Gr prevented the accumulation of preventing Gr nanosheets and forming loose structure in favor of protons and electrons in the active material and the electric liquid solution fast transfer between, improve the utilization rate at the same time; nano Gr large space to load MoS2 to MoS2 active molecules released, thereby improving the capacitance of composite materials. When the current density is 1A/g (MoS2/Gr?) dagger capacitance reached 243F/g and the cycle after 1000 charge discharge cycles the capacitance loss of only 7.7%, that MoS2 / graphene composite material with super capacitor with good performance.
(2) MoS2 / carbon aerogel composites were prepared by hydrothermal method on MoS2/Carbon Aerogel composites were characterized and the electrochemical properties were tested, Carbon Aerogel embedded into MoS2 nanosheets can effectively prevent MoS2 nanosheets agglomeration effectively increases the specific surface area of the composite, and Carbon the formation of cavities in the Aerogel load of MoS2 nanosheets to store electronic so as to further improve the rapid transfer ability in Electronic Co. electrode materials, and the electrochemical activity of composite materials has been effectively improved, when the current density is 1A/g, Aerogel, MoS2/Carbon and 260F/g in the specificcapacitance cycle after 500 charge discharge cycles the specific capacitance only the loss of 4%, these show that MoS2 / carbon aerogel composite material with super capacitor with good performance.
(3) MoS2 / MWCNTs composites were prepared by hydrothermal method, the morphology of the MoS2/MWCNTs composites were tested and the electrochemical characterization, we can see the MWCNTs staggered entangled MoS2/MWCNTs complexes consist of 3D structure in MoS2 nanosheets, this 3D structure is conducive to increasing the specific surface area of the composite. At the same time the structure will be stacked MoS2 nanosheets form staggered grid more convenient transfer of electrons and protons, thereby improving the performance of MoS2/MWCNTs capacitor. When the current density is 1A/g MoS2/MWCNTs, the specific capacitance is 452.7F/g and in circulation after 1000 charge discharge cycles the capacitance loss of only 4.2%, show that MoS2 / multi wall carbon nanotube composite material with super capacitor with good performance.
(4) of the dispersed MoS2 nanoplates were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, and the morphology was characterized. The MoS2 / PANI composites were prepared by one-step in situ polymerization. The simple PANI/MoS2 composite sheet for the morphology and electrochemical characterization test, PANI and embedded to MoS2 accumulation in the nano film stop, accumulation of the MoS2 nanosheets, which effectively increases the specific surface area of the composite, and the formation of cavities in the PANI load of MoS2 nanosheets to store ions, thereby improving the rapid transfer of electrons and protons in the electrode material delivery capability, which significantly improve the electrochemical properties of composite materials of.PANI/MoS2 composite material in current the density of 1A/g specific capacitance reached 575F/g, at the same time as PANI molecules into MoS2 nanosheets can be avoided in the PANI during the redox process due to deformation caused by the molecular skeleton of electrode material The damage of the material increased the cycle stability of the composites. After constant current charge and discharge for 500 cycles, the specific capacitance of the composite material only lost 2%, indicating that the composite material has good capacitance performance.

【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：O614.612;TM53

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