电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析

发布时间：2018-01-24 03:19

本文关键词： 网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统无线电监测认知无线电频谱感知监测网络节点布设非盲信号制式检测　出处：《北京邮电大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电磁频谱与人民生活密切相关。日常手机通信、短信留言、电视广播、电子商务、飞机导航、物联网技术的发展,无不需要电磁频谱资源。由于人类自身的感官无法直接感知电磁频谱,电磁频谱资源的合理利用与高效管理依赖于电磁频谱检测与分析技术。电磁频谱检测与分析技术持续受到国际关注。上世纪70年代,该技术开始应用于无线电监测与管理领域。然而,随着通信技术的迅猛发展,通信业务通常具有频率宽、功率低、难于探测等特点,导致传统大站制无线电监测系统的检测精度和检测覆盖范围难于得到保障。2011年,网格化电磁频谱检测与分析系统的概念被提出。网格化电磁频谱检测与分析系统通过布设抵近检测目标的大量检测节点,实现电磁频谱环境的精确检测,并能够服务于多种应用行业,有效避免重复建设检测系统带来的额外开销。网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统的建设面临许多问题。首先,检测频率范围很宽,通常达到3GHz,甚至是6GHz。由于网格化检测系统需要检测节点成本低廉,需要能够在硬件资源受限条件下对宽频率范围进行快速检测的技术。其次,目前针对宽带微弱信号的信号检测方法计算复杂度高,需要采集样点多,难于实际应用在网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统中。需要能够快速处理宽带微弱信号的检测算法。此外,构建电磁频谱态势等行业应用需求,需要多节点协同配合。检测节点的布设位置会影响预测结果,需要网格化检测节点参数优化机制。本文紧密围绕网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统对于电磁频谱检测与分析技术的新需求,通过基于长短期记忆的智能宽频率范围检测方案、针对宽带微弱信号的检测算法以及检测节点最佳部署方案,旨在提升网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统宽带微弱信号检测能力、宽频率范围检测实时性和多节点检测覆盖范围。归纳来说,本文研究的内容主要包括以下4个方面： (1)提出网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统的构建方法。基于实地测量,研究网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测系统的运行机制。证明基于多点协作的模型修正法具有准确度最高的频谱态势构建能力。在实验过程中,发现网格化电磁频谱检测与分析系统急需能够快速处理宽带微弱信号的检测技术、能够对宽频率范围进行快速检测的技术,以及多检测节点参数优化机制。 (2)研究宽带微弱信号快速检测技术,提出3种针对电视信号实时检测算法。成功将这些算法应用于电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统中。通过实际测量,证明这些算法能够在低信噪比条件下达到较高的检测准确率,并具有检测实时性强、算法复杂度低、采样点数少的优点。 (3)研究宽频率范围快速检测技术。根据频域稀疏性特征,提出能够以低于奈奎斯特采样率对电视频段进行快速信道占用度测量的方法,通过仿真验证其具有速度快,压缩率高,计算复杂度低的特性。提出基于长短期记忆的智能宽频率范围检测方案,应用于网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统的信道占用度测量,能够有效解决当前宽频率范围顺序检测方案存在的诸多问题。根据实际测量数据,证明基于长短期记忆的智能宽频率范围检测方案具有检测时间短、测量精确高、能够快速侦测信道占用模式变化的优点。 (4)研究网格化多检测节点参数优化机制,研究多检测节点协同配合对检测覆盖面积的提升,证明正六边形节点网络布局是网格化电磁频谱宽带实时检测与分析系统的最优布局方案,能够在保证检测精度的情况下提升全频段目标信号检测覆盖面积和定位功能面积。
[Abstract]:Closely related with people's daily life. The electromagnetic spectrum of mobile phone communication, SMS messages, television broadcasting, electronic commerce, aircraft navigation, the development of networking technology, all need the electromagnetic spectrum resources. Because the human senses cannot perceive the electromagnetic spectrum, the rational use of the electromagnetic spectrum resources and efficient management depends on the electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis technology.
The electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis technology of sustained international attention. In 70s, the technique has been applied in the field of radio monitoring and management. However, with the rapid development of communication technology, communication service generally has a wide frequency range, low power characteristics, it is difficult to detect and guide the detection precision and the detection caused by traditional station system radio monitoring system coverage it is difficult to guarantee the range of.2011 years, the concept of grid electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis system is proposed. The grid electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis system by a large number of detection points approaching target detection section, to achieve accurate detection of the electromagnetic spectrum environment, and can serve many applications, effectively avoid the additional overhead duplication detection system.
The construction of grid broadband electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis system is facing many problems. First, the detection frequency range is very wide, usually reach 3GHz, or even 6GHz. because the grid detection system detection node cost is low, need to be able to detect the technology of wide frequency range in the condition of limited hardware resources. Secondly, according to the current signal detection method of wideband weak signals of high computational complexity, need to collect sample points, the actual application of the electromagnetic spectrum to broadband real-time detection and analysis system in the grid. Detection algorithm can fast broadband weak signal. In addition, the construction situation of the electromagnetic spectrum application requirements and other industries, requires multi node location coordination. The detecting node will affect the prediction results of gridding node detection parameter optimization mechanism.
This dissertation focuses on the grid broadband electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis system for the new requirements of the electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis technology, through the intelligent wide frequency range of short and long term memory detection scheme based on the broadband weak signal detection algorithm and detection optimal node deployment scheme, designed to enhance grid electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis system of broadband broadband weak signal detection ability, wide frequency range of real-time detection and multi node detection coverage. In general, the contents of this paper include the following 4 aspects:
(1) proposed the construction method of real-time detection and analysis system of grid broadband electromagnetic spectrum. Based on field measurements, the operating mechanism of the real-time detection system of grid broadband electromagnetic spectrum. That multi-point collaboration model updating method based on frequency spectrum has the highest accuracy situation construction ability. During the experiment, found that the detection technology of grid the electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis system needs to be able to quickly deal with broadband weak signal, can rapid detection technology of wide frequency range, and detection node parameter optimization mechanism.
(2) the rapid detection technology of broadband weak signal, puts forward 3 kinds of real-time detection algorithm of television signals. These successful algorithms are applied to real-time detection and analysis system of broadband electromagnetic spectrum. Through actual measurement proves that the detection accuracy rate of these algorithms can achieve high in low SNR condition, and has real-time detection strong, low computational complexity, advantages of small number of sampling.
(3) the rapid detection technology. Research on a wide range of frequency according to the frequency domain sparsity characteristic, put forward to rate on TV band fast channel occupancy method to measure the degree of sampling at less than Nyquist, through the simulation of its high speed, high compression rate, calculation of the characteristics of low complexity. The proposed intelligent wide frequency range of short and long term memory the detection scheme based on channel applied to grid broadband electromagnetic spectrum detection and analysis system for measuring the occupancy rate of, can effectively solve the current problems existing in a wide range of frequency sequential detection scheme. According to the actual measurement data, proved that the intelligent wide frequency range detection scheme based on short and long term memory has short detection time, high measuring accuracy, can the advantages of rapid detection of channel occupation mode changes.
(4) research on grid mechanism parameters optimization of multi node detection, multi detection node coordination of detection coverage, prove that the regular hexagonal node network layout is the optimal layout scheme of real-time detection and analysis system of grid broadband electromagnetic spectrum, can ensure detection accuracy under the condition of improving the whole band target signal detection coverage the area and location function area.

【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM935.1

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