异步电机矢量控制中的无速度传感器及参数辨识研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 06:33

本文关键词： 异步电机矢量控制模型参考自适应参数辨识全阶状态观测器　出处：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：异步电机具有诸多先天优势，例如结构简单，体积小，转速高，结实耐用，大容量，，适用于严酷的环境，因此异步电机调速控制技术越来越得到人们的广泛关注。尤其是在计算机以及电子技术迅速发展的今天，许多先进的控制策略涌现推进了交流调速系统的迅猛发展。在众多先进控制策略中，矢量控制方法应用比较广泛。该方法大大改善了交流传动系统的动态性能，矢量控制系统的研究成为异步电机调速系统的重要研究方向。在传统矢量控制系统中，通常由速度传感器等来获得转速，而这些传感器容易受到环境的影响，限制了控制系统的应用范围。因此研究无速度传感器技术成为异步电机矢量控制系统亟待解决的问题之一。本文首先介绍异步电机矢量控制系统中无速度传感器技术以及参数辨识技术的研究现状，并简单介绍目前世界上广泛应用的几种主要方法，并简述各种方法的优缺点。本文简单介绍矢量控制算法的基本原理。通过坐标变化使得异步电机的控制算法达到与直流电机控制算法相媲美的控制效果；分别介绍异步电机在三相坐标系，两相静止坐标系以及两相旋转坐标系下的电机数学模型；介绍电压空间矢量调制的基本思想，在此基础上，搭建电压空间矢量模块；介绍异步电机矢量控制方案，为搭建异步电机矢量控制算法做好了详细的理论准备。为了进一步提高异步电机矢量控制系统的动态性能，本文将无速度传感器技术加入到传统的矢量控制系统中，具体采用模型参考自适应的方法来辨识转速；同时系统的稳定性应用波波夫超稳定性定理来验证。在得到的转速辨识算法的基础上，应用滑模控制器来取代算法中的PI控制器，进而增强系统的鲁棒性。滑模控制方法也有自身的缺点，本文应用趋近律的方法来抑制其抖动问题。在异步电机矢量控制系统中，温度的变化和集肤效应都将导致电阻的变化，电阻的变化又将导致磁场定向的不准确，进而影响矢量控制系统的性能。因此，电阻的精确与否限制了矢量控制系统的性能。为了提高矢量控制的系统的控制精度，电阻应被实时和准确的辨识。本文采用全阶状态观测器方法对电机参数进行辨识；系统的稳定性用李雅普诺夫定理来验证。本文用这一方法有效辨识了转子电阻和定子电阻，仿真结果验证该方法可行。最后，本文应用Matlab/Simulink软件搭建矢量控制系统，在此基础上搭建转速辨识模块，经仿真分析，系统能快速跟踪转速，动态性能良好；搭建转子电阻以及定子电阻辨识仿真模型，经仿真分析，能够准确辨识电阻，此算法可行，同时系统具有良好的动态性能。
[Abstract]:Asynchronous motor has many inherent advantages, such as simple structure, small volume, high speed, durable, large capacity, suitable for harsh environment. Therefore, the asynchronous motor speed control technology has been paid more and more attention, especially in the rapid development of computer and electronic technology today. The emergence of many advanced control strategies has promoted the rapid development of AC speed regulation system. Among the many advanced control strategies, vector control method is widely used. This method greatly improves the dynamic performance of AC drive system. The research of vector control system has become an important research direction of asynchronous motor speed regulation system. In the traditional vector control system, speed sensors are usually used to obtain rotational speed, and these sensors are easily affected by the environment. Therefore, the research of speed sensorless technology has become one of the problems to be solved urgently in the vector control system of asynchronous motor. Firstly, this paper introduces the speed sensorless technology in vector control system of asynchronous motor. Technology and parameter identification technology. This paper briefly introduces several main methods which are widely used in the world, and briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The basic principle of vector control algorithm is briefly introduced in this paper. The control algorithm of asynchronous motor is comparable to that of DC motor by coordinate change. The mathematical models of induction motor in three-phase coordinate system, two-phase stationary coordinate system and two-phase rotating coordinate system are introduced respectively. The basic idea of voltage space vector modulation is introduced, and the voltage space vector module is built on this basis. This paper introduces the vector control scheme of asynchronous motor, and makes a detailed theoretical preparation for constructing the vector control algorithm of asynchronous motor. In order to further improve the dynamic performance of the vector control system of asynchronous motor, the speed sensorless technology is added to the traditional vector control system, and the model reference adaptive method is used to identify the rotational speed. At the same time, the stability of the system is verified by Popov's hyperstability theorem. On the basis of the speed identification algorithm, the sliding mode controller is used to replace the Pi controller in the algorithm. The sliding-mode control method also has its own shortcomings. In this paper, the approach law is used to suppress the jitter problem. In the vector control system of asynchronous motor, the change of temperature and skin effect will lead to the change of resistance, and the change of resistance will lead to the inaccuracy of magnetic field orientation, which will affect the performance of vector control system. The accuracy of resistance limits the performance of vector control system. In order to improve the control accuracy of vector control system. Resistance should be identified in real time and accurately. In this paper, full order state observer is used to identify motor parameters. The stability of the system is verified by Lyapunov theorem. The rotor resistance and stator resistance are effectively identified by this method. The simulation results show that the method is feasible. Finally, this paper uses Matlab/Simulink software to build a vector control system, on the basis of which the speed identification module is built. Through simulation analysis, the system can track the speed quickly. Good dynamic performance; The simulation model of rotor resistance and stator resistance identification is built. The simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible and the system has good dynamic performance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212;TM343

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