超超临界二次再热机组低温烟气余热利用及设备安装监理

发布时间：2018-02-02 22:02

  本文关键词： 二次再热 低温烟气余热利用 工程监理　出处：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电力是人类生活及世界经济发展最主要,也是最清洁、最方便使用的能源。自21世纪以来,虽然核能、太阳能、风力、水力、再生生物等低污染排放发电技术产生的电量迅速增长,但其总量远不能满足人类的需要,电力所需的主要一次能源仍然以石化燃料为主。“十二五”期间,我国发展处于重要战略机遇期,资源环境约束及环保要求进一步提高。随着经济快速增长,能源消费呈线性增长,经济增长与资源环境的矛盾已经成为经济社会发展的重要制约因素。节能减排是促进可持续发展的必然选择。在工业领域,火力发电厂的节能是非常重要的一部分,目前,在我国的能源结构中,火电约占74%(发电量占80%)。相对石油和天然气资源日益紧缺,而煤炭资源却相当丰富,且价格低廉稳定,便于储存的状况,在今后很长一段时期,高效清洁的燃煤发电仍然是世界电力供应最主要的方式。因此,如何提高和改进火电机组效率工作十分重要。本文首先介绍了二次再热的原理、特点及优势,调研了国内外低温烟气余热利用现状,对低温省煤器原理及实施进行了分析。针对在二次再热机组锅炉加装低温省煤器的方案,根据低温省煤器特点进行了可行性分析,对烟气酸露点、金属安全壁温、水侧入口水温进行了测算,对低温腐蚀问题、安装位置进行了细致的方案比选工作。从年利用小时数、凝结水系统回收、辅机新增消耗及发电标煤耗等进行计算分析,通过年费用法和静、动态回收年限的综合技术经济指标对设置低温省煤器的方案进行分析,大量翔实的数据说明其节能潜力巨大,技术方案可行,经济效益显著。结果表明,本文所设计的低温烟气余热利用方案,能有效提高机组热效率、降低机组煤耗,并且节水效果显著,大大提高电厂的经济效益,符合国家“节能减排”方针政策。由于工程采用了超超临界、二次再热技术,进一步提高机组的热效率,同时使机组建设及监理工作更加复杂：有两个再热器、增加一个超高压缸、增加一根再热冷管与再热热管、增加一套超高压主汽、调节阀、机组长度增加、轴系趋于复杂,同时它对锅炉的影响也很大,运行时对控制的要求更高,尤其在设备安装过程中安装质量控制要比以往的一次再热技术更加复杂。本文针对二次再热新技术在设备安装过程中的监理重点进行分析,并制定详细的监理方案,确保工程施工安全且质量达到设计要求。
[Abstract]:Electric power is the most important of human life and the development of the world economy, but also the most clean, most convenient to use energy. Since twenty-first Century, although nuclear, solar, wind, hydro, renewable biological low emission power generation technology of electricity is growing rapidly, but the total can not meet the needs of mankind, the primary energy source of electricity be still using fossil fuels. "12th Five-Year" period, China's development is in the important period of strategic opportunities, resources and environmental constraints and environmental requirements further improved. With the rapid economic growth, energy consumption increases linearly, the contradiction between economic growth and environmental resources has become an important factor to restrict the economic and social development is the inevitable choice for energy saving and emission reduction. To promote sustainable development. In the field of industry, energy-saving coal-fired power plants is a very important part, at present, in China's energy structure, thermal power accounts for about 74% (hair Consumption accounted for 80%). The relative shortage of oil and gas resources, and coal resource is very rich, and the price is low and stable, easy storage, in the future for a long period of time, efficient and clean coal-fired power generation is still the world's main power supply. Therefore, how to improve and improve the work efficiency of thermal power units is very important. This paper first introduces two reheat the principle, characteristics and advantages of low temperature flue gas waste heat utilization at home and abroad research, the principle and implementation of low temperature economizer is analyzed. Aiming at two reheat boiler installation of low temperature economizer scheme, according to the characteristics of low temperature economizer, carried out a feasibility analysis and on the acid dew point of flue gas, metal safety wall temperature, water side entrance temperature was calculated, the low temperature corrosion problems, installation position of the detailed scheme selection work. From the year when using small number of condensed water The new auxiliary recovery, consumption and consumption of standard coal for power generation have been calculated and analyzed, the annual usage and static analysis, scheme of comprehensive technical and economic indexes of dynamic recovery period of low temperature economizer, a large number of data shows that the potential of energy saving, technology is feasible, the economic benefit is remarkable. The results show that the low temperature flue gas waste heat the use of the design program, can effectively improve the thermal efficiency, reduce coal consumption, and remarkable water-saving effect, greatly improve the economic benefit of power plant, in line with the national "energy-saving emission reduction" policy. The project uses ultra supercritical, two reheat technology, to further improve the thermal efficiency of the unit, the unit construction and the supervision work is more complex: there are two reheater, adding a super high pressure cylinder, increase a reheat steam tube and reheat heat pipe, adding a set of ultra high pressure main steam valve, machine. Group increased length of shaft become more complicated, and it is also a great influence on the boiler operation, to control the more demanding, especially the quality control of the installation is more complex than a reheat technology in the past during the installation process. This paper analyzes two reheat new technology in the process of safety supervision key installed in equipment and make a detailed scheme, supervision, to ensure the safety of construction quality and meet the design requirements.

【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM621
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本文编号：1485579