无刷直流电机无位置传感器直接转矩控制研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 06:54

本文关键词： 无刷直流电机导通方式无位置传感器控制滑模观测器直接转矩控制　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无刷直流电机由于成本低廉，转矩密度高等优点而被广泛应用于工业领域。传统无刷直流电机位置检测通常通过位置传感器实现，为了降低成本，同时由于在高温、高压等应用场合下位置传感器存在失效问题，无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制成为了目前研究的热点。传统的位置检测方法在高功率等应用场合容易失效，且受到导通方式限制，严重影响了无位置传感器控制的应用范围。此外，无刷直流电机传统换相导通控制方式转矩波动通常较大，有必要研究转矩波动抑制算法。论文首先分析了无刷直流电机三种不同的导通方式下的导通逻辑，对比分析了不同导通方式下无刷直流电机转矩波动的大小。建立了三种导通控制方式的仿真模型，分析了导通方式对无刷直流电机电磁转矩波动的影响，以及在直流母线电压不变时提高驱动系统输出转矩的方法。通过研究不同导通方式下相电压与相反电势的关系，分析了传统相电压过零点法的应用制约问题。其次，针对传统位置检测方法在相电流续流严重时失效，且受导通方式限制的问题，论文中提出了基于滑模观测器的位置估算方法。针对滑模观测器的抖振问题，研究了改进的切换函数，抑制了输出信号中的高频噪声。针对传统滑模观测器中输出信号存在的幅值衰减和相移等问题，提出了扩展状态自适应滑模观测器，采用Matlab/Simulink进行了仿真分析，仿真结果验证了该滑模观测器估算位置信号不受导通方式及相电流续流的影响。再次，针对无刷直流电机传统换相导通控制方式下转矩波动较大的问题，，研究了直接转矩控制方法。针对传统直接转矩控制复杂且定子磁链计算误差较大的问题，提出了基于滑模观测器的改进直接转矩控制方法。同时研究了三种扇区划分方式下该直接转矩控制方法的实现，并建立了仿真模型，分析了不同扇区划分方式下相电流的谐波含量，研究了不同工作状态下合理的扇区划分策略，以达到减小电机损耗的目的。最后，基于TMS320F2812设计了无刷直流电机控制系统实验平台，通过实验验证了扩展状态滑模观测器算法的正确性与可行性，分析并实验验证了位置估算误差原因，并提出了误差抑制方法。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor is widely used in industrial field because of its low cost and high torque density. Traditional brushless DC motor position detection is usually realized by position sensor in order to reduce the cost. At the same time, due to the high temperature, high pressure and other applications of the position sensor failure problem. The sensorless control of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has become a hot topic. The traditional position detection method is easy to fail in high power and other applications, and is limited by the conduction mode. The application of sensorless control is seriously affected. In addition, the torque ripple of the traditional commutation control mode of brushless DC motor is usually large, so it is necessary to study the torque ripple suppression algorithm. Firstly, the paper analyzes the conduction logic of brushless DC motor under three different conduction modes. The torque ripple of brushless DC motor under different conduction modes is compared and analyzed. The simulation models of three kinds of conduction control modes are established and the influence of conduction mode on electromagnetic torque ripple of brushless DC motor is analyzed. The method of increasing the output torque of the drive system under the condition of constant DC bus voltage is also presented. By studying the relationship between the phase voltage and the opposite potential under different conduction modes, the application constraints of the traditional phase voltage over 00:00 method are analyzed. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the traditional position detection method is invalid when the phase current continuation is serious, and is limited by the conduction mode. In this paper, a position estimation method based on sliding mode observer is proposed. For the chattering problem of sliding mode observer, the improved switching function is studied. The high frequency noise in the output signal is suppressed. Aiming at the problems of amplitude attenuation and phase shift of the output signal in the traditional sliding mode observer, an extended state adaptive sliding mode observer is proposed. The simulation results with Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed sliding mode observer is not affected by the on-on mode and the phase current continuation. Thirdly, aiming at the problem of high torque ripple in the traditional commutation control mode of brushless DC motor. The direct torque control (DTC) method is studied. The traditional DTC is complex and the stator flux calculation error is large. An improved direct torque control method based on sliding mode observer is proposed. At the same time, the realization of the direct torque control method based on three sectors is studied, and the simulation model is established. The harmonic content of phase current in different sector partition modes is analyzed and the reasonable sector division strategy under different working conditions is studied in order to reduce the loss of the motor. Finally, the experimental platform of brushless DC motor control system is designed based on TMS320F2812, and the correctness and feasibility of the extended state sliding mode observer algorithm are verified by experiments. The reason of position estimation error is analyzed and verified experimentally, and an error suppression method is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33

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