基于MCU控制的光伏并网逆变系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-02-12 19:10

本文关键词： 光伏发电逆变器 MCU控制器系统设计 MPPT　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类社会的不断发展,人们对环境质量的要求越来越高,保护环境的呼声不断,与此同时随着不可再生能源的慢慢耗尽,国家及社会对可再生能源、新能源的需求更加强烈。而在那些可用于发电的如太阳能、风能、生物质能、潮汐能等清洁能源中,太阳能有着显著的优势。光伏发电是21世纪最热门的能源技术之一,是未来世界能源和电力的主要来源,是解决人类能源危机的重要手段,受到人们的广泛关注。作为光伏并网发电系统的核心部分,光伏并网发电系统逆变器主要作用是将光伏电池阵列所产生的直流电压转换为符合国家电网要求的交流电,并把该交流电馈送到国家电网中,补给国家电网需求。光伏并网发电系统中的逆变器在太阳能并网发电系统中起着非常重要的作用,整个光伏并网系统能否安全、可靠、稳定、高效地运行很大程度上取决于逆变器性能的好坏,并且在决定整个系统使用寿命的主要因素中占有重要分量。因此,推进光伏并网逆变技术的深入研究在促进和推广太阳能并网发电系统的广泛应用方面起着至关重要的作用。论文根据国内外现有的太阳能并网发电技术的研究进展现状,并阐述了研究和推广光伏并网发电系统在高效利用新能源的现实意义。首先,论文着重介绍光伏并网发电系统的基本构成、关键技术、工作原理,分析了几种传统光伏逆变器的优缺点,在此基础上确定实施方案。在满足光伏逆变器基本性能的前提下,本论文设计增加了过压保护、过流保护等一系列保护电路,并利用MCU控制器对相应的电压、电流进行实时监控,保证光伏逆变系统最大功率输出。其次,通过深入剖析系统设计的关键技术,提出了包括新型拓扑结构、系统转换效率的提高、智能化并网控制技术、检测技术、最大功率点跟踪控制(MPPT)、孤岛效应侦测与保护等一系列理论研究,为本文光伏并网逆变器系统设计的实现奠定了理论基础。进而通过相关理论研究和系统模块设计,完成系统的主要功能电路设计和MCU程序设计。再根据系统设计方案完成整个系统的整合、装配,并对系统进行了功能测试,各个指标均达到预先设定值。在安全、可靠传输电能的前提下,满足光伏发电的高质量、高效率并入电网的要求,同时提高系统整体效率、降低制造成本。最后,针对光伏并网逆变器的不足展开阐述并做出进一步研究规划,并对其发展前景进行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of human society, the demand for environmental quality is higher and higher, and the voice of protecting the environment is constant. At the same time, with the depletion of non-renewable energy, the country and society have more and more views on renewable energy. The demand for new sources of energy is even stronger. Solar energy has a significant advantage in clean energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, tidal energy, and so on. In 21th century, photovoltaic power generation was one of the most popular energy technologies. It is the main source of world energy and electricity in the future, is an important means to solve the human energy crisis, and has been widely concerned by people. As the core part of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, The main function of the inverter of photovoltaic grid-connected generation system is to convert the DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic cell array into AC which meets the requirements of the State Grid, and feed the AC to the State Grid. The inverter in the photovoltaic grid-connected generation system plays a very important role in the solar grid-connected power generation system. Can the whole photovoltaic grid-connected system be safe, reliable and stable, Efficient operation depends largely on the performance of the inverter and plays an important role in determining the service life of the whole system. The research of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter technology plays an important role in promoting and popularizing the wide application of grid-connected solar power generation system. The practical significance of studying and popularizing photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system in the efficient use of new energy is expounded. Firstly, the basic structure, key technology and working principle of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system are introduced emphatically. The advantages and disadvantages of several traditional photovoltaic inverters are analyzed, and then the implementation scheme is determined. On the premise of satisfying the basic performance of the photovoltaic inverter, a series of protection circuits, such as over-voltage protection and over-current protection, are designed in this paper. The MCU controller is used to monitor the voltage and current in real time to ensure the maximum power output of the photovoltaic inverter system. Secondly, through the in-depth analysis of the key technology of the system design, a new topology is proposed. A series of theoretical studies such as system conversion efficiency improvement, intelligent grid-connected control technology, detection technology, maximum power point tracking control MPPTO, detection and protection of islanding effect, etc. It lays a theoretical foundation for the design of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system, and then through the relevant theoretical research and system module design, The main function circuit design and MCU program design of the system are completed. According to the system design scheme, the integration and assembly of the whole system are completed, and the function of the system is tested. Under the premise of reliable transmission of electric energy, meet the requirements of high quality and high efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, and at the same time improve the overall efficiency of the system and reduce the manufacturing cost. The disadvantages of grid-connected photovoltaic inverter are discussed and further research planning is made, and the prospect of its development is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

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