风力发电机变桨距控制及实验系统设计

发布时间：2018-02-23 21:26

本文关键词： 变桨距风力发电机控制器无扰切换 BP-PID控制器风力发电机实验系统　出处：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：风能作为一种清洁而又取之不尽、用之不竭的能源得到人们广泛的关注,风力发电是吸收转化风能的有效途径。然而,由于风能的不稳定性,必须对风力发电机控制才能输出稳定的电能,达到并网发电的条件。变桨距风力发电机因能通过改变桨距角稳定输出电功率,提高电能质量,增加风力发电机寿命而成为研究热点。由于变桨距风力发电机是一个多学科知识交叉的复杂系统,且非线性特性很强、精确模型不容易得到,给风力发电机控制器的研究带来很大困难。本文以某型号1.5MW大型风力发电机为背景,对风力发电机变桨控制原理进行了分析,将风力发电机分成四个部分建立数学模型；并对风速的变化进行了研究,建立风速模型；利用组态软件和MATLAB仿真平台建立了变桨距风力发电机实验系统,使变桨距风力发电机控制器的研究成为高校本科自动化专业的实践内容之一。本文在分析风力发电机数学模型的基础上,设计了风力发电机变桨距控制器和实验系统,具体工作如下：(1)变桨距风力发电机系统是一个非线性被控对象,基于气动特性分析了额定风速以上时桨距角变化同风速的关系,进行了分段线性化处理,设计了带前馈的PID控制器,并对控制器的参数应用遗传算法进行寻优。为了实现控制器无扰切换,设计了控制器的施密特切换策略；为了进一步提高控制精度,使系统动态性能得到改善,提出了BP-PID控制算法。最后,应用MATLAB仿真软件对比分析了应用不同方法设计的控制器,仿真结果表明BP-PID控制器鲁棒性和抗干扰特性较好。(2)为了将风力发电机控制器的设计方法能够应用在本科教学之中,建立了变桨距风力发电机实验系统,在此系统上可以对风力发电机变桨距控制器结构和参数进行调整。通过KingView组态软件建立人机交互界面,同时实现和外部控制器通信的功能；应用MATLAB作为数据处理后台,搭建变桨距风力发电机的数学模型。通过OPC技术实现前后台的数据通信。两部分功能组成被控对象在计算机上予以实现。
[Abstract]:Wind energy, as a clean and inexhaustible energy source, has received extensive attention. Wind power generation is an effective way to absorb and convert wind energy. However, because of the instability of wind energy, It is necessary to control the wind turbine in order to output stable electric energy and achieve the condition of grid-connected power generation. Because the variable pitch wind turbine can steadily output electric power by changing the pitch angle of the rotor, it can improve the power quality. Since the variable pitch wind turbine is a complex system with interdisciplinary knowledge and strong nonlinear characteristics, the exact model is not easy to obtain, because of increasing the life of the wind turbine, and increasing the life of the wind turbine, the variable pitch wind turbine is a complex system with cross-disciplinary knowledge. It is very difficult to study the wind turbine controller. In this paper, based on a 1.5MW large-scale wind turbine, the control principle of the wind turbine variable propeller is analyzed, and the mathematical model of the wind turbine is established by dividing the wind turbine into four parts. The variation of wind speed is studied, the wind speed model is established, and the experimental system of variable pitch wind turbine is established by using configuration software and MATLAB simulation platform. The research of variable pitch wind turbine controller has become one of the practical contents of undergraduate automation major in university. On the basis of analyzing the mathematical model of wind turbine, the variable pitch controller and experimental system of wind turbine are designed in this paper. The specific work is as follows: 1) the variable pitch wind turbine system is a nonlinear controlled object. Based on the aerodynamic characteristics, the relationship between the pitch angle change and the wind speed when the wind speed is above the rated wind speed is analyzed, and the piecewise linearization process is carried out. The PID controller with feedforward is designed, and the parameters of the controller are optimized by genetic algorithm. In order to realize the controller switching without disturbance, the Schmitt switching strategy of the controller is designed, and the control precision is further improved. The dynamic performance of the system is improved, and the BP-PID control algorithm is proposed. Finally, the controller designed by different methods is compared and analyzed by using the MATLAB simulation software. The simulation results show that BP-PID controller has good robustness and anti-interference characteristics. In order to apply the design method of wind turbine controller to undergraduate teaching, an experimental system of variable pitch wind turbine generator is established. In this system, the structure and parameters of the variable pitch controller of wind turbine can be adjusted. The man-machine interface is established by KingView configuration software, and the function of communicating with the external controller is realized at the same time. MATLAB is used as the data processing backstage. The mathematical model of variable pitch wind turbine is built. The data communication between front and back is realized by OPC technology.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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